Midazolam (MDZ) treatment delayed to 40 min after GD-induced seizure failed to prevent neuronal loss in ES1−/− mice, independent of sex. (A) Coronal section in control (No GD) mouse showing regions of interest. (B) The average (± SD) density of NeuN-positive cells is shown for the dorsomedial thalamus (Med Thalamus), dorsolateral thalamus (Lat Thalamus), basolateral amygdala (Amygdala), layer 3 of the piriform cortex, and the CA1 of the hippocampus in coronal sections in the bregma range from −1.28 to −1.64 millimeters. Data shown is combined male and female mice exposed SC to GD (82 μg/kg) and treated with 3 mg/kg MDZ (GD/MDZ3; n = 10) or 9 mg/kg MDZ (GD/MDZ9; n = 11) at 40 min after seizure onset compared with No GD (n = 14). (C) Representative images of NeuN-immunostained brain samples are shown. **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, compared with control.