Figure 8.

Listeria monocytogenes activates mast cell through TLR2 inducing p38 activation, IL-6 and IL-13 production. MC are infected by L.m and they can eliminate the intracellular bacterial load. In addition, L.m infection activates several signaling proteins: ERK, p38 and NF-κB, which could drive MC to degranulate, ROS and cytokines production. Furthermore, the recognition of L.m by TLR2 promotes p38 activation and the production of IL-6 and IL-13. In addition, LLO induced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13 and MCP-1 independently of TLR2, indicating that other mechanisms or mast cell receptors are regulating the interaction with L.m. This figure was created with BioRender.com.