Effects of ELAE on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay after the treatment with ELAE at progressively increasing concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mg/mL. Cell viability of the ELAE-treated groups (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mg/mL) was estimated by normalizing to cell viability of the untreated group (0 mg/mL). Data are presented as the mean with standard deviation for technical triplicates in an experiment representative of several independent ones. p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 represent the differences of cell viabilities under ELAE treatment (Student's t-test).