Table 1.
Sociodemographic Information for the Study Sample by Impairment Group
| Participant Group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristic | Control | Visually Impaired | Hearing Impaired | Total | P |
| Age, y | .001 | ||||
| <50 | 17 (11%) | 17 (15%) | 13 (12%) | 47 | |
| 50-65 | 61 (39%) | 28 (25%) | 52 (48%) | 141 | |
| 65-80 | 61 (39%) | 41 (37%) | 41 (37%) | 143 | |
| >80 | 16 (10%) | 26 (23%) | 2 (2%) | 44 | |
| Sex | .81 | ||||
| Male | 82 (53%) | 56 (50%) | 53 (49%) | 191 | |
| Female | 73 (47%) | 56 (50%) | 55 (51%) | 184 | |
| Race | .17 | ||||
| White | 147 (95%) | 98 (88%) | 97 (90%) | 342 | |
| Other | 8 (5%) | 14 (12%) | 11 (10%) | 33 | |
| Ethnicity | .50 | ||||
| Hispanic | 1 (1%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 7 | |
| Non-Hispanic/refused | 154 (99%) | 108 (96%) | 106 (98%) | 368 | |
| Marital status | .001 | ||||
| Married | 100 (65%) | 44 (39%) | 88 (81%) | 232 | |
| Unmarried | 55 (35%) | 68 (61%) | 20 (19%) | 143 | |
| Area Deprivation Indexa | .001 | ||||
| <25 | 54 (35%) | 16 (14%) | 46 (43%) | 116 | |
| 26-50 | 63 (41%) | 37 (33%) | 36 (32%) | 136 | |
| 51-75 | 22 (14%) | 36 (32%) | 19 (18%) | 77 | |
| 75-100 | 16 (10%) | 23 (21%) | 7 (6%) | 46 | |
| Missing/unavailable | 10 | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexb | .001 | ||||
| 0-1 | 28 (18%) | 24 (21%) | 61 (56%) | 113 | |
| 2-4 | 81 (52%) | 56 (50%) | 41 (38%) | 178 | |
| >5 | 46 (30%) | 32 (29%) | 6 (6%) | 84 | |
| Receiving disability benefits | 5 (3%) | 23 (21%) | 1 (1%) | .001 | |
a
Area Deprivation Index is a ranking of neighborhoods by socioeconomic status, including factors such as income, education, employment, and housing quality.
b
Charlson Comorbidity Index is a general measure of multimorbidity strongly associated with mortality risk.