Table 1.
Adverse cardiovascular effects of potential drugs to treat COVID-19 [6].
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Cardiovascular adverse effects |
|---|---|---|
| Inhibitors of endocytosis | ||
| Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine | Blockade of virus entry by multiple mechanisms | QT interval prolongation |
| Umifenovir | Inhibition of S protein–ACE2interaction and membrane fusion | Not common, but limited clinical data |
| Inhibitors of synthesis of non-structural proteins | ||
| Lopinavir–ritonavir | Inhibition of 3- chymotrypsin-like protease | Atrioventricular block and cytochrome P450 3A4- related drug-drug interaction |
| Inhibitors of viral RNA replication | ||
| Favipiravir | Inhibition of RdRP | Not common, but limited clinical data |
| Remdesivir | Inhibition of RdRP | Not common, but limited clinical data |
| Ribavirin | Inhibition of RdRP | Not common |
| Others | ||
| Azithromycin | Macrolide antibiotic; used in combination with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine | QT interval prolongation |
| Tocilizumab | IL-6 inhibition | Hypertension |
ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; S protein, spike protein.