Table 1.

Description of perspectives for budget impact analysis (BIA) in India

	Routine scenario (multi-payer perspective)	UHC scenario (single-payer perspective)
Description	Valuation at current existing share of budget holder and OOP expenditure	Universal access to services would be guaranteed by the budget holder without any OOP expenditure
Perspective	Multi-payer	Single payer
Type of payers	Public payer, patients, and any other payer	Public payer
Type of costs	Stratified estimates for health system costs and private costs including OOP expenditure	Full cost for delivering healthcare by single payer, without any OOP expenditure
Valuation of health system costs	Valuation of resources is at current capacity utilisation	Cost will be adjusted for changes in utilisation in the UHC scenario
Valuation of OOP expenditure	OOP expenditure will be based on existing situation and prevailing market prices Obtained from NSSO/ or other primary patient survey	Resources which incurred OOP expenditure will be valued at prices of centralised public procurement from a single payer’s perspective

NSSO National Sample Survey Organization, OOP Out of pocket, UHC Universal Health Coverage