Table 2.
Summary of included studies
| Author | Country | Study type | Sample size | Population | Age range | Household alcohol exposure | Household location | Adolescent outcomes assessed | NHLBI Quality score | NHLBI Quality overall assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andrade [46] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 1231 | Public school students | 14–17 | Family | Urban | Substance use | 10 | Good |
| Betancourt [42] | Rwanda | Cross-sectional (as part of larger Case–control study) | 680 | Young people affected by and living with HIV | 11–17 | Family | Rural | Suicidal ideation/behaviour | 6 | Fair |
| Burlaka 2017 [45] | Ukraine | Cross-sectional | 251 | Mothers and children | 9–16 | Mother | Mixed | Emotional dysfunction | 9 | Good |
| Caputo and Bordin [40] | Brazil | Case–control | 408 | Sexually active teenage girls | 13–17 | Family | Urban | Teenage pregnancy | 9 | Good |
| Catani [62] | Sri Lanka | Cross-sectional | 296 | Young people attending school | 9–15 | Parents | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 7 | Fair |
| Chaudhury [37] | Rwanda | Mixed methods | 93 | Families affected by caregiver HIV | 7–17 | Caregiver | Rural | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 11 | Good |
| Ciftci Demirci [56] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 1969 | Young people seeking treatment for substance use disorder | 11–20 | Parents | Urban | Substance use | 8 | Fair |
| da Rocha [85] | Brazil | Case–control study | 146 | Those with an IQ less than 70 referred to a special education institution | 7–19 | Relative/family | Urban | Cognitive delay/disorder | 6 | Fair |
| Evren [54] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 4957 | 10th grade students in Istanbul | Mean 16.54 (SD 2.72) | Parents | Urban | Substance use | 7 | Fair |
| Faler [75] | Brazil | Case–control | 431 | Adolescent females | 14–16 | Parents | Urban | Teenage pregnancy | 8 | Fair |
| Francisco [34] | Mexico | Cross-sectional | 785 | Pregnant adolescents | 13–19 | Parents | Urban | Substance use; teenage pregnancy | 9 | Good |
| Gulati and Dutta [43] | India | Cross-sectional | 245 | Adolescents from families living in conditions of poverty | 12–16 | Parents | Rural | Emotional dysfunction | 8 | Fair |
| Guvendeger Doksat [71] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 2518 | Young people admitted to psychiatric hospital | Mean 16* | Family | Urban | Suicidal ideation/behaviour; self-harm | 8 | Fair |
| Hamdulay and Mash [55] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 438 | Students attending grade 8 and 11 classes | 14–17 | Household | Urban | Substance use | 7 | Fair |
| Jaisoorya 2018 [48] | India | Cross-sectional | 7560 | School Students | 12–19 | Family | Mixed | Emotional dysfunction | 10 | Good |
| Jogdand and Naik [68] | India | Cross-sectional | 600 | General | 6–18 | Caregiver | Urban | Problem behaviours | 7 | Fair |
| Karatay and Bas [67] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 613 | High school students | Approx 14–18 (9th–12th grade) | Family | Urban | Emotional dysfunction | 8 | Fair |
| Khasakhala [73] | Kenya | Cross-sectional | 250 | Youth attending clinic with psychiatric or substance use disorder | 13–25 | Father | Urban | Suicidal ideation/behaviour | 7 | Fair |
| Khasakhala [65] | Kenya | Cross-sectional | 250 | Youth attending psychiatric clinic | 13–22 | Father | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 7 | Fair |
| Kheokao [41] | Thailand | Cross-sectional | 5184 | School students | 9–22 | Family | Not specified | Problem behaviours; cognitive delay/disorder | 8 | Fair |
| Lee 2019 [61] | Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka | Cross-sectional | 4098 | High school students | Approx 12–17 (grade 7–11) | Parents | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 8 | Fair |
| Madruga [47] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 761 | Secondary school children | 14–19 | Household | Mixed | Substance use | 8 | Fair |
| Mansharamani [58] | India | Cross-sectional | 100 | Outpatients and inpatients at a psychiatric ward of a tertiary facility | 4–14 | Parents | Mixed | Cognitive delay/disorder; depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders; emotional dysfunction | 6 | Fair |
| Meyer [44] | Thailand | Cross-sectional | 23 | Children/youth | 9–17 | Caregiver | Refugee camp | Problem behaviours; emotional dysfunction | 6 | Fair |
| Omkarappa and Rentala [59] | India | Cross-sectional | 200 | Secondary school students at government schools | 12–16 | Parents | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders; emotional dysfunction | 9 | Good |
| Ozcan and Ozcan [53] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 4767 | Middle school and high school students | 10–18 | Parents | Urban | Substance use | 8 | Fair |
| Pillay and van der Veen [66] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 100 | Children admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit | 4–17 | Parents | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 6 | Fair |
| Praharaj [36] | India | Cross-sectional | 9 | Street children and adolescents abusing typewriter correction fluid | 10–17 | Father | Urban | Substance use | 5 | Poor |
| Rahi [60] | India | Cross-sectional | 620 | Slum children | 4–14 | Father | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 7 | Fair |
| Riva [50] | Botswana | Cross-sectional | 1936 | Students in public secondary schools | IQR 14–17 | Household | Urban | Substance use | 9 | Good |
| Singh [74] | India | Cross-sectional | 94 | Adolescents admitted after attempted suicide by ingestion | 15–18 | Parents | Urban | Suicidal ideation/behaviour | 6 | Fair |
| Singh [64] | India | Cross-sectional | 542 | Secondary school students | 14–18 | Father | Urban | Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders | 7 | Fair |
| Sonmez [51] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 8483 | High school students | Mean 16.12 (SD 0.99) | Parents | Urban | Substance use | 6 | Fair |
| Swahn [69] | Uganda | Cross-sectional | 457 | Youth living in the slums of Kampala | 14–24 | Parents | Urban | Problem behaviours | 9 | Good |
| Swahn [72] | Uganda | Cross-sectional | 457 | Youth living in the slums of Kampala | 14–24 | Parents | Urban | Suicidal ideation/behaviour | 9 | Good |
| Tavares [49] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 2410 | Adolescents 9-11th grades | 10–19 | Family | Urban | Substance use | 8 | Fair |
| Tot [52] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 3282 | Sixth grade, tenth grade and university students | Mean 15.75* | Parents | Urban | Substance use | 7 | Fair |
| Wood [35] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 20 | Children and adolescents convicted of sex offences | 7–15 | Parents/household | Mixed | Problem behaviours | 6 | Fair |
| Xing [70] | China | Cross-sectional | 12,470 | High school students | 11–19 | Family | Mixed | Suicidal ideation/behaviour | 8 | Fair |
| Yarney [38] | Ghana | Cohort | 17 | Young people orphaned by AIDS | 12–17 | Caregiver | Mixed | Problem behaviours | 6 | Fair |
| Yurtseven [57] | Turkey | Cohort | 131 | Adolescents presenting to ED with drug use and positive tests | 13–18 | Parents | Mixed | Substance use | 7 | Fair |
| Zeren [39] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 351 | Juveniles involved in a crime as suspects or victims | 0–18 (majority 16–18) | Parents | Urban | Problem behaviours | 7 | Fair |
| Zouini [63] | Morocco | Cross-sectional | 375 | High school students | 15–18 | Parents | Urban | Problem behaviours, Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders; emotional problems | 6 | Fair |
*Overall population SD not reported