Table 4.

Summary of adolescent outcomes in included studies

Adolescent outcome	Number of studies
Substance use (other than alcohol)	12 [34, 46, 47, 49, 50, 49–55]
Depression/anxiety and other psychiatric disorders	10 [37, 58–66]
Emotional dysfunction	8 [43–45, 48, 58, 59, 63, 67]
Problem behaviour	8 [35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 63, 68, 69]
Suicidal ideation and behaviour	6 [37, 42, 70, 72–74]
Teenage pregnancy	3 [34, 40, 75]
Cognitive delay/disorder	3 [41, 58, 85]
Self-harm (non-suicidal)	1 [71]