Table 2.
Characteristics of PATH youth respondents at Wave 4 and past-year respiratory symptoms
| Respiratory symptoms in the past year (Wave 4) | Wheezing or whistling in the chesta | Sleep disturbed due to wheezingb | Speech limited due to wheezingc | Sounded wheezy during or after exercised | Dry cough at night not associated with a cold/chest infectione |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parents indicated a diagnosis of asthma (Wave 4) | (n = 14,557) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,557) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,557) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,745) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,745) OR (95% CI) |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 5.92***(5.24, 6.68) | 9.51***(7.55, 11.9) | 5.34***(4.18, 6.83) | 4.85***(4.35, 5.41) | 1.62***(1.44, 1.82) |
| Past 30-day cigarette use (Wave 4) | (n = 14,289) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,289) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,289) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,475) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,475) OR (95% CI) |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.53***(1.20, 1.94) | 1.16 (.717, 1.88) | 1.16 (.703, 1.94) | 1.15 (.894, 1.48) | 1.27* (1.01, 1.61) |
| Past 30-day e-cigarette use (Wave 4) | (n = 14,273) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,273) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,273) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,453) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,453) OR (95% CI) |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.34* (1.06, 1.69) | 1.20 (.716, 2.01) | 1.36 (.838, 2.22) | 1.09 (.850, 1.40) | 1.10 (.897, 1.34) |
| Past 30-day cannabis use (Wave 4) | (n = 14,559) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,559) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,559) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,787) OR (95% CI) |
(n = 14,787) OR (95% CI) |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.54***(1.20, 1.97) | 1.58* (1.07, 2.32) | 1.54* (1.02, 2.32) | 1.17 (.923, 1.49) | 1.22* (1.00, 1.49) |
| Lifetime ENDS | (n = 13,679) | (n = 13,679) | (n = 13,679) | (n = 13,834) | (n = 13,834) |
| with cannabis (Wave 4) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1 82***(1.55, 2.13) | 1.89***(1.42, 2.53) | 1.79***(1.40, 2.31) | 1.29***(1.13, 1.47) | 1.23** (1.06, 1.44) |
| Respiratory symptoms in the past year (Wave 4) | Wheezing or whistling in the chesta | Sleep disturbed due to wheezingb | Speech limited due to wheezingc | Sounded wheezy during or after exercised | Dry cough at night not associated with a cold/chest infectione |
| Fully adjusted models | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
| (n = 12,595) | (n = 12,595) | (n = 12,595) | (n = 12,737) | (n = 12,737) | |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Parents indicated a diagnosis of asthma (Wave 4) | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 6.16***(5.41, 7.03) | 8.90***(6.99, 11.3) | 5.49***(4.21, 7.17) | 5.46***(4.82, 6.18) | 1.75***(1.55, 1.98) |
| Past 30-day cigarette use (Wave 4) | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.15 (.820, 1.62) | .739 (.405, 1.34) | .820 (.433, 1.55) | 1.09 (.773, 1.54) | 1.27 (.947, 1.71) |
| Past 30-day e-cigarette use (Wave 4) | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.09 (.829, 1.44) | 1.33 (.752, 2.36) | 1.24 (.686, 2.25) | 1.07 (.802, 1.44) | 1.09 (.885, 1.36) |
| Past 30-day cannabis use (Wave 4) | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.13 (.847, 1.52) | 1.21 (.681, 2.18) | 1.06 (.600, 1.89) | 1.13 (.834, 1.54) | 1.16 (.909, 1.49) |
| Lifetime ENDS with cannabis (Wave 4) | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.81***(1.47, 2.22) | 1.71* (1.13, 2.58) | 1.96***(1.32, 2.90) | 1.33** (1.10, 1.60) | 1.26* (1.05, 1.51) |
Notes: Unweighted samples sizes are provided. The cross-section of Wave 4 of the adolescent Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) sample was used. Analyses used Stata version 15.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA). All analyses controlled for sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, age, household income, and region (see Table 1 for more details).
P < .05
P < .01
P < .001
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems.
This item was measured with the following variable: “Have you had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months?” Response categories were “Yes” and “No”. Past-year prevalence rates were the following: Wave 4 = 13.9% (0.004).
This item was measured with the following variable: “In the past 12 months how often, on average, has your sleep been disturbed due to wheezing?” Response categories were “Never woken with wheezing”, “Less than one night per week”, and “One or more nights per week”. This item was recoded as a binary variable. Past-year prevalence rates were the following: Wave 4 = 2.9% (0.002).
This item was measured with the following variable: “In the past 12 months, has wheezing ever been severe enough to limit your speech to only one or two words between breaths?” Response categories were “Yes” and “No”. Past-year prevalence rates were the following: Wave 4 = 2.9% (0.002).
This item was measured with the following variable: “In the past 12 months, has your chest sounded wheezy during or after exercise?” Response categories were “Yes” and “No”. Past-year prevalence rates were the following: Wave 4 = 14.3% (0.003).
This item was measured with the following variable: “A dry cough is a cough without phlegm or mucus. In the past 12 months, have you had a dry cough at night?” Response categories were “Yes” and “No”. Past-year prevalence rates for Wave 4 = 21.1% (0.004).