Table 3.
Demographics, vascular risk factors, and infarct characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke likely secondary to intracranial dolichoectasia.
| Case | Age (years) | Sex | Vascular risk factors | Anatomical location | Vessel affected | Proposed mechanism of injury |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | female | Hypertension, chronic kidney disease. | Entire pons, caudal midbrain, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres | • BA ectasia | Thrombosis-in-situ |
| 2 | 56 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus. | Right middle cerebellar peduncle | • Left VA ectasia and dolichosis • BA ectasia |
Branch artery occlusion |
| 3 | 78 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, coronary artery disease. | Right insular cortex | • Right ICA dolichosis | Artery-to-artery embolism |
| 4 | 56 | female | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, previous ischemic stroke. | Left frontal cortex | • Left ICA dolichosis | Artery-to-artery embolism |
| 5 | 74 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity. | Right paramedian pons and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres | • Right VA ectasia • BA ectasia |
Thrombosis-in-situ |
| 6 | 71 | female | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, syphilis. | Left paramedian pons | • Left VA ectasia | Artery-to-artery embolism |
| 7 | 74 | female | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, previous ischemic stroke. | Left medial medulla | • Left VA dolichosis | Branch artery occlusion |
| 8 | 71 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, coronary artery disease. | Left PCA territory | • BA ectasia | Artery-to-artery embolism |
| 9 | 70 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous ischemic stroke, chronic kidney disease. | Watershed zone between left MCA and center PCA. | • Left ICA dolichosis and ectasia • Left MCA ectasia |
Hypoperfusion |
| 10 | 86 | female | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, underlying malignancy (colon cancer) | Right MCA territory | • Right MCA dolichosis | Artery-to-artery embolism |
| 11 | 67 | male | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoker, obesity, coronary artery disease. | Entire pons | • Left VA dolichosis and ectasia • BA dolichosis and ectasia |
Thrombosis-in-situ |
| 12 | 79 | female | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, previous stroke. | Left parasagittal frontal cortex | • Left ICA ectasia | Artery-to-artery embolism |
Abbreviation BA basilar artery; ICA internal carotid artery, MCA middle cerebral artery, PCA posterior cerebral artery, VA vertebral artery