Table 2.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of colorectal polyps according to total fructose intake during adolescence in the Nurses’ Health Study II, 1998–2015

	Total fructose intake during adolescence, % of calorie						Per 5% of calorie increase
	Q1 (<7.9)	Q2 (7.9–<9.2)	Q3 (9.2–<10.3)	Q4 (10.3–<11.8)	Q5 (≥11.8)	Ptrend
Total adenoma
Ncases/Ncontrolsa	573/9976	570/9978	595/9954	591/9958	580/9968
Model 1b	1 (ref)	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	1.05 (0.93–1.18)	1.05 (0.93–1.18)	1.03 (0.92–1.16)	.44	1.04 (0.95–1.13)
Model 2c	1 (ref)	1.00 (0.89–1.13)	1.06 (0.94–1.20)	1.07 (0.95–1.20)	1.06 (0.94–1.20)	.21	1.06 (0.97–1.16)
Model 3d	1 (ref)	1.05 (0.93–1.19)	1.14 (1.00–1.30)	1.19 (1.04–1.36)	1.20 (1.04–1.39)	.006	1.17 (1.05–1.31)
Proximal adenoma
Ncases/Ncontrols	316/9795	306/9807	323/9765	310/9776	293/9809
Model 3	1 (ref)	1.03 (0.87–1.22)	1.15 (0.96–1.36)	1.15 (0.96–1.39)	1.13 (0.92–1.38)	.16	1.12 (0.96–1.30)
Distal adenoma
Ncases/Ncontrols	239/9795	221/9807	241/9765	251/9776	253/9809
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	1.10 (0.90–1.35)	1.21 (0.98–1.48)	1.25 (1.00–1.56)	.014	1.24 (1.05–1.47)
Rectal adenoma
Ncases/Ncontrols	77/9795	97/9807	84/9765	101/9776	99/9809
Model 3	1 (ref)	1.39 (1.01–1.89)	1.24 (0.90–1.73)	1.61 (1.15–2.25)	1.62 (1.14–2.31)	.008	1.43 (1.10–1.86)
Total serrated lesione
Ncases/Ncontrols	479/9951	442/9993	486/9945	486/9934	462/9983
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.93 (0.80–1.07)	1.03 (0.89–1.20)	1.06 (0.91–1.23)	1.01 (0.86–1.19)	.49	1.04 (0.92–1.18)
Small serrated lesione
Ncases/Ncontrols	405/9951	374/9993	420/9945	430/9934	386/9983
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.93 (0.80–1.08)	1.06 (0.91–1.24)	1.12 (0.96–1.32)	1.01 (0.85–1.21)	.41	1.06 (0.93–1.21)
Large serrated lesione
Ncases/Ncontrols	46/9951	41/9993	40/9945	29/9934	40/9983
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.88 (0.57–1.37)	0.85 (0.54–1.35)	0.60 (0.36–1.00)	0.86 (0.54–1.37)	.35	0.83 (0.56–1.22)
Subtype of polyp
Adenoma only
Ncases/Ncontrols	472/9598	488/9618	482/9581	469/9594	478/9608
Model 3	1 (ref)	1.10 (0.96–1.26)	1.13 (0.98–1.30)	1.15 (0.99–1.34)	1.20 (1.03–1.41)	.027	1.15 (1.02–1.30)
Serrated lesion only
Ncases/Ncontrols	378/9598	360/9618	373/9581	364/9594	360/9608
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.96 (0.82–1.12)	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	0.99 (0.84–1.17)	0.99 (0.83–1.18)	.99	1.00 (0.87–1.15)
Both adenoma and serrated lesion
Ncases/Ncontrols	101/9598	82/9618	113/9581	122/9594	102/9608
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.84 (0.62–1.14)	1.20 (0.89–1.61)	1.36 (1.01–1.85)	1.20 (0.85–1.67)	.06	1.28 (0.99–1.65)

N, number of endoscopies; Q, quintile

^aDue to multiple endoscopies during follow-up per each participant, N is larger than number of participants.

^bAdjusted for age, time period of endoscopy, number of endoscopies (continuous), time since most recent endoscopy (continuous), and reason for endoscopy (screening/symptoms).

^cAdditionally adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer (yes/no), menopausal status/menopausal hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal with never, past, or current hormone therapy), current aspirin use ≥2 times/wk (yes/no), history of type 2 diabetes (yes/no), adult height (continuous), BMI at age 18 y (<18.5, 18.5–<20, 20–<22.5, 22.5–<25, ≥25 kg/m²), current BMI (<22.5, 22.5–<25, 25–<27.5, 27.5–<30, ≥30 kg/m²), smoking status at 19 y (never, 0≤2.5, >2.5 pack-years), current smoking status (never smoker, past smoker <30 pack-years, past smoker ≥30 pack-years, current smoker <30 pack-years, current smoker ≥30 pack-years), alcohol intake at 18–22 y (<0.1, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9, ≥15 g/d), current alcohol intake (none, 0.1–4.9, 5–9.9, 10–14.9, ≥15 g/d), physical activity during grades 9–12 (quintile), and current physical activity (<21, 21–<30, 30–<39, 39–<54, ≥54 MET hours/wk).

^dAdditionally adjusted for adolescent and current (adult) dietary intake (total calorie, total calcium, vitamin D, total folate, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and dairy; quintile), current total red meat intake (quintile), western dietary pattern score during adolescence (quintile), and current total fructose intake.

^eIncludes hyperplastic polyp, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp, and traditional serrated adenoma; small, <1 cm; large, ≥1 cm.