TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients
| Characteristic | Total (n = 253) | Low LDH‐5 < 11.3%n = 129 (51.0%) | High LDH‐5≥ 11.3%n = 124 (49.0%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 60.95 (10.08) | 61.02 (9.6) | 61.85 (9.56) | 0.500 a |
| < 60 | 106 (41.90) | 54 | 52 | 0.990 b |
| ≥60 | 147 (58.10) | 75 | 72 | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.690 b | |||
| Male | 156 (61.66) | 78 | 78 | |
| Female | 97 (38.34) | 51 | 46 | |
| BMI | 22.07 (2.81) | 22.12 (2.88) | 22.03 (2.75) | 0.804 a |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | <0.003 b | |||
| IIb | 23 (9.09) | 17 | 6 | |
| III | 42 (16.60) | 28 | 14 | |
| IV | 188 (74.31) | 84 | 104 | |
| Tumor location, n (%) | ||||
| Head and neck | 100 (39.53) | 51 | 49 | 0.998 b |
| Body and tail | 153 (60.47) | 78 | 75 | |
| Tumor diameter (mm) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 43.33 (15.98) | 43.76 (14.43) | 49.10 (17.13) | 0.008 c |
| Ca19‐9 (IU/mL) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 549.1 (435.7) | 540.1 (424.2) | 619.6 (445.4) | 0.165 c |
| <1000 | 140 (55.34) | 80 | 60 | 0.029 b |
| ≥1000 | 113 (44.66) | 49 | 64 | |
| LDH (IU/L) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 196.4 (124.8) | 175.28 (91.73) | 218.36 (148.98) | 0.001 c |
| AST/ALT | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.15 (0.52) | 1.10 (0.41) | 1.21 (0.60) | 0.429 c |
| Overall survival (months) | ||||
| Median (SD) | 6.10 (0.45) | 8.80 (0.96) | 3.80 (0.41) | <0.0001 d |
| Liver metastases, n (%) | ||||
| Presence | 162 (64.03) | 67 | 95 | <0.001 b |
| Absence | 91 (35.97) | 62 | 29 | |
| Lung metastases, n (%) | ||||
| Presence | 45 (17.79) | 20 | 25 | 0.333 b |
| Absence | 208 (82.21) | 109 | 99 | |
| Bone metastases, n (%) | ||||
| Presence | 22 (8.70) | 7 | 15 | 0.060 b |
| Absence | 231 (91.30) | 122 | 109 | |
| Retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, n (%) | ||||
| Presence | 164 (64.82) | 84 | 80 | 0.920 b |
| Absence | 89 (35.18) | 45 | 44 | |
| Received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 199 (78.66) | 108 | 91 | 0.045 b |
| No | 54 (21.34) | 21 | 33 | |
| Received S‐1 chemotherapy, n (%) | 0.013 b | |||
| Yes | 118 (46.64) | 70 | 48 | |
| No | 135 (53.36) | 59 | 76 | |
| Received ablation therapy e , n (%) | 0.001 b | |||
| Yes | 133 (52.57) | 81 | 52 | |
| No | 120 (47.43) | 48 | 72 | |
| CM treatment f , n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 136 (53.75) | 74 | 62 | 0.240 b |
| No | 117 (46.25) | 55 | 62 |
*Bolded text indicates a statistically significant difference with a P value less than 0.05.
Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH‐5, lactate dehydrogenase 5; BMI, body mass index; Ca 19‐9, cancer antigen 19‐9; SD, standard deviation; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase.
This P value was determined using Student's t‐test.
This P value was determined using Pearson's chi‐square test.
This P value was determined using the Mann‐Whitney U test.
This P value was determined using log rank (Mentel‐Cox).
Ablation therapy included radiofrequency ablation or high‐intensity focused ultrasound ablation of the liver metastatic lesion, retroperitoneal lymph node metastatic lesion.
Chinese Medicine (CM) treatment included granules or herbal decoction.