TABLE 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of the LDH‐5 for predicting overall survival
| 95% CI for Exp (B) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | B | SE | Wald | Sig. | Exp(B) | Lower | Upper |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| Age (< 60 vs ≥60) | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.929 | 1.001 | 0.987 | 1.014 |
| Gender (male vs female) | –0.256 | 0.145 | 3.117 | 0.077 | 0.774 | 0.583 | 1.029 |
| BMI | 0.013 | 0.025 | 0.262 | 0.609 | 1.013 | 0.965 | 1.063 |
| Clinical stage | 0.301 | 0.110 | 7.478 | 0.006 | 1.351 | 1.089 | 1.677 |
| Tumor location (head/neck vs body/tail) | 0.1230 | 0.144 | 0.814 | 0.367 | 1.138 | 0.859 | 1.508 |
| LDH‐5 (< 11.3% vs ≥11.3%) | 1.004 | 0.146 | 47.501 | <0.001 | 2.730 | 2.052 | 3.633 |
| Ca19‐9 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 5.107 | 0.024 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.001 |
| AST/ALT | 0.133 | 0.144 | 0.843 | 0.358 | 1.142 | 0.860 | 1.515 |
| Received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy (yes vs no) | −0.355 | 0.181 | 3.856 | 0.050 | 0.701 | 0.492 | 0.999 |
| Received oral chemotherapy (yes vs no) | −0.345 | 0.146 | 5.619 | 0.018 | 0.708 | 0.532 | 0.942 |
| CM treatment (yes vs no) | −0.339 | 0.136 | 6.215 | 0.013 | 0.713 | 0.546 | 0.930 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| Clinical stage | 0.279 | 0.106 | 6.982 | 0.008 | 1.322 | 1.075 | 1.626 |
| Ca19‐9 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 5.179 | 0.023 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.001 |
| LDH‐5 (< 11.3% vs ≥11.3%) | 0.998 | 0.141 | 50.183 | <0.001 | 2.712 | 2.058 | 3.573 |
| Received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy (yes vs no) | −0.384 | 0.172 | 4.975 | 0.026 | 0.681 | 0.486 | 0.955 |
| Received oral chemotherapy (yes vs no) | −0.331 | 0.140 | 5.590 | 0.18 | 0.718 | 0.546 | 0.945 |
| CM treatment (yes vs no) | −0.297 | 0.133 | 5.016 | 0.025 | 0.743 | 0.573 | 0.964 |
*Bolded text indicates a statistically significant difference with a P value less than 0.05.
Abbreviations: LDH‐5, lactate dehydrogenase 5; BMI, body mass index; Ca 19‐9, cancer antigen 19‐9; SD, standard deviation; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; CM, Chinese Medicine; CI, confidence interval.
Note: Predicting model for poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer Y = h(t)/h(t 0) = exp(6.982 × Clinical stage + 5.179 × Ca19‐9 + 50.183 × LDH‐5 – 4.975 × Received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy – 5.590 × Received Oral Chemotherapy – 5.016 × CM treatment). Indicating that patients with advanced clinical stage, elevated serum Ca19‐9, and serum LDH isoenzyme 5 (LDH‐5) over 11.3%, are at a 6.982‐fold, 5.179‐fold, and 50.183‐fold, respectively, risk of poor prognosis. Patients received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy, oral chemotherapy, and CM treatment are a 4.975‐fold, 5.590‐fold, 5.016‐fold rick of good prognosis.