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. 2021 Jun 28;11:13367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92805-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Flowchart of data sorting. (1) Twins, stillbirths and premature deliveries were excluded. (2) The remaining 3681 data were classified into the normal and abnormal groups by Apgar score at 1 min and umbilical artery pH. (3) Deliveries lacking sufficient CTG records were excluded for both groups. (4) Normal cases that underwent emergency cesarean section were excluded. (5) A total of 162 (same as the number of abnormal cases) normal cases were randomly subsampled. (B) Representative figure of signal loss in FHR and UC.