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. 2021 Jun 28;12:3987. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23899-y

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021, corrected publication 2021

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Fig. 1 — Manhattan plots for (a) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), (b) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and (c) triglycerides (TG) in European (N = 11,114), African (N = 4,452), and Hispanic (N = 699) populations. Results are plotted as negative log-transformed P values (y-axis) across the genome (x-axis). Odd chromosomes are in green and even chromosomes are in orange. The red horizontal line represents the epigenome-wide significance threshold of 1.09 × 10⁻⁷. Linear mixed effects models were implemented adjusting for age, sex (reference = male), smoking variable (never/previous/current, reference = never), lipid medication (Yes or No, reference = No), the top four principal components from genotypes (SNPs), the proportion of 5 types of cells estimated with the Houseman method (CD8 T lymphocytes, CD4 T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, B cells, and monocytes), and random effects for plate, row, and column, and BMI (model 4). The top CpGs of each chromosome were annotated with a gene name (in blue font: identified in a racial/ethnic group; red: identified in multiple racial/ethnic groups; bold: significantly associated with multiple lipid measures).