Table 2.
Nutrient intakes and percent below estimated average requirements (EAR) or percent above adequate intakes (AI) of Canadian First Nations participants from the FNFNES, 2008−2018a
| Nutrient | Men | Women | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAR/AI | 19−50 years | 51−70 years | 71 years and over | EAR/AI | 19−50 years | 51−70 years | 71 years and over | |||||||
| Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | Mean (SE) | % below EAR or above AI [95% CI] | |||
| Carbohydratesb (g) | 100 | 274 (7) | [-*] | 226 (12) | [-*] | 188 (12) | [-*] | 100 | 225 (5) | [-*] | 197 (7) | [-*] | 194 (10) | [-*] |
| Fibrec (g) | 30−38 | 14.6 (0.4) | 0 [0−0] | 14.4 (0.9) | [-*] | 13.3 (1.5) | [-*] | 21−25 | 12.4 (0.3) | [-*] | 12.5 (0.5) | [-*] | 13.2 (0.7) | [-*] |
| Linoleic acidc (g) | 14−17 | 14.4 (0.5) | 25.0 [14.8−32.9] | 11.6 (0.6) | 26.3 [15.5−33.4] | 11.2 (1.5) | [-*] | 11−12 | 12.1 (0.4) | 49.6 [34.1−64.1] | 10.5 (0.4) | 37.6 [21.2−53.4] | 11.4 (1.2) | 61.6 [7.6−93.2] |
| Linolenic acidc (g) | 1.6 | 1.6 (0.1) | 41.7 [33.7−49.0] | 1.6 (0.1) | 39.8 [29.4−47.5] | 1.5 (0.2) | [-*] | 1.1 | 1.4 (0.1) | 78.4 [63.1−99.7] | 1.4 (0.1) | 76.6 [59.4−98.3] | 1.4 (0.1) | 81.5 [43.6−99.9] |
| Vitamin Ab (RAE) | 625 | 491 (25) | 84.4 [75.0−99.8] | 515 (31) | 65.2 [55.9−85.5] | 537 (61) | 71.8 [45.6−100] | 500 | 430 (16) | 71.2 [64.1−85.8] | 511 (38) | 60.8 [45.0−70.4] | 579 (144) | 54.5 [6.3−87.2] |
| Vitamin Cb (mg) | 75 | 92 (6) | 47.0 [21.6−56.7] | 78 (13) | 60.0 [38.9−76.3] | 41 (6) | 93.7 [77.5−100] | 60 | 79 (4) | 35.6 [24.5−46.9] | 69 (7) | 47.1 [27.3−62.2] | 59 (12) | 59.0 [27.8−92.7] |
| Vitamin Db (μg) | 10−15 | 4.3 (0.3) | 98.7 [94.4−100] | 5.1 (0.5) | 98.8 [88.9−100] | 6.5 (0.9) | 98.1 [87.8−100] | 10−15 | 3.7 (0.3) | 99.8 [98.5−100] | 3.6 (0.3) | 99.2 [96.5−100] | 5.9 (0.9) | 95.8 [91.1−100] |
| Folateb (DFE) | 320 | 400 (13) | 21.2 [1.3−32.3] | 372 (19) | 33.9 [18.8−48.9] | 348 (34) | 47.5 [6.2−85.8] | 320 | 336 (11) | 44.0 [30.7−57] | 324 (20) | 50.8 [27.7−68.3] | 335 (26) | [-*] |
| Vitamin B62 (mg) | 1.1−1.4 | 1.8 (0.1) | [-*] | 1.5 (0.1) | 49.7 [31.7−62] | 1.6 (0.2) | [-*] | 1.1−1.3 | 1.4 (0.1) | 21.2 [12.1−28.2] | 1.3 (0.1) | 52.4 [27.3−70.7] | 1.4 (0.1) | 47.0 [12.0−67.3] |
| Vitamin B12b (μg) | 2.0 | 8.1 (0.8) | 0 [0−0.4] | 7.0 (1.4) | [-*] | 7.3 (1.4) | 0 [0−1.3] | 2.0 | 4.5 (0.2) | 0 [0−1.9] | 5.7 (1.4) | [-*] | 4.7 (0.6) | [-*] |
| Thiaminb (mg) | 1.0 | 1.9 (0.1) | [-*] | 1.8 (0.1) | 8.8 [3.9−13.1] | 1.6 (0.1) | [-*] | 0.9 | 1.5 (0.04) | [-*] | 1.5 (0.1) | [-*] | 1.6 (0.1) | [-*] |
| Riboflavinb (mg) | 1.1 | 2.3 (0.1) | 0 [0−0.5] | 2.1 (0.1) | [-*] | 2.0 (0.1) | [-*] | 0.9 | 1.8 (0.04) | [-*] | 1.8 (0.1) | [-*] | 1.8 (0.1) | [-*] |
| Niacinb (NE) | 12 | 45.9 (1.2) | 0 [0−0] | 39.3 (1.7) | 0 [0−0.3] | 43.6 (5.6) | 0 [0−0] | 11 | 35 (0.7) | 0 [0−0] | 34.1 (1.8) | 0 [0−0] | 35.1 (2.4) | 0 [0−0] |
| Calciumb (mg) | 800 | 707 (26) | 73.2 [59.0−97.1] | 618 (31) | 76.5 [69.9−84.1] | 643 (61) | 80.8 [61.9−99.7] | 800−1000 | 576 (16) | 93.0 [87.8−99] | 540 (15) | 99.0 [96.9−100] | 536 (45) | 97.8 [94.9−100] |
| Ironb (mg) | 6.0 | 17.3 (0.6) | 0 [0−0.1] | 15.7 (0.6) | [-*] | 15.5 (1.0) | [-*] | 5.0−8.1 | 13.2 (0.4) | [-*] | 12.7 (0.5) | 0 [0−0.4] | 13.2 (0.9) | 0 [0−0] |
| Potassiumc (mg) | 3400 | 2790 (74) | 17.3 [8.4−25.6] | 2550 (76) | 12.7 [4−16.3] | 2415 (160) | [-*] | 2600 | 2236 (47) | 22.3 [13.9−28.8] | 2196 (107) | 19.4 [8.6−36.2] | 2156 (119) | 19.4 [0.1−29.2] |
| Sodiumc (mg) | 1500 | 3719 (114) | 99.9 [98.9−100] | 3023 (108) | 96.2 [91−99.7] | 2925 (175) | 93.9 [85.4−100] | 1500 | 2997 (75) | 99.8 [98.9−100] | 2620 (92) | 96.8 [92.4−99.9] | 2475 (129) | 94.7 [82.6−100] |
| Magnesiumb (mg) | 330−350 |
272 (12)d 271 (7) e |
87.0 [67.9−100]d 88.3 [81.0−96.6]e |
256 (8) | 86.9 [82.8−92.8] | 236 (12) | 99.6 [94.3−100] | 255−265 |
231 (8)d 224 (8) e |
69.7 [55.0−96.9]d 80.0 [73.2−86.4]e |
228 (10) | 76.1 [64.4−89.4] | 236 (12) | 82.4 [70.3−99.8] |
| Phosphorusb (mg) | 580 | 1345 (37) | 0 [0−0.1] | 1226 (46) | [-*] | 1323 (129) | 0 [0−0.3] | 580 | 1080 (21) | 0 [0−0.4] | 1049 (61) | [-*] | 1049 (61) | [-*] |
| Zincb (mg) | 9.4 | 14.2 (0.6) | [-*] | 12.5 (0.5) | 28.5 [9.1−39.0] | 12.0 (1.4) | [-*] | 6.8 | 10.5 (0.3) | [-*] | 10.3 (0.6) | [-*] | 9.8 (0.7) | [-*] |
aAll data <50% below the EAR is identified in bold and [-*] data are suppressed due to extreme sampling variability. bNutrients with an EAR. cNutrients with an AI. dMean and percent below EAR for individuals 19−30 years of age. eMean and percent below EAR for individuals 31−50 years of age