Table 8.
Comparison of FNFNES results in drinking water guidelines in Australia, California, and New York
| Pharmaceutical | FNFNES max (ng/L) surface water | FNFNES max (ng/L) wastewater | FNFNES max (ng/L) drinking water | Australian guidelines | California monitoring trigger levels | New York State standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesic | ||||||
| Codeine | 101 | 563 | 0 | 50,000 | NA | NA |
| Analgesic/anti-inflammatory | ||||||
| Acetaminophen | 307 | 14600 | 0 | 175,000 | 350,000 | 5000 |
| Diclofenac | 38 | 506 | 0 | 1800 | 1800 | NA |
| Ibuprofen | 367 | 15200 | 0 | 400,000 | 34,000 | 50,000 |
| Ketoprofen | 307 | 77.3 | 5.5 | 3500 | 3500 | NA |
| Naproxen | 244 | 4370 | 0 | 220,000 | 220,000 | NA |
| Antacid | ||||||
| Cimetidine | 40.9 | 36.2 | 0 | 200,000 | NA | NA |
| Ranitidine | 33.0 | 238 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Antibiotic | ||||||
| Chlortetracycline | 12.0 | 0 | 0 | 105,000 | NA | NA |
| Ciprofloxacin | 37.7 | 7970 | 0 | 250,000 | 17,000 | NA |
| Clarithromycin | 69.6 | 929 | 0 | 250,000 | NA | NA |
| Erythromycin | 23.0 | 21 | 0 | 17,500 | 4900 | NA |
| Isochlortetracycline | 13 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sulfamethazine | 24.2 | 15.6 | 0 | 35,000 | NA | NA |
| Sulfamethoxazole | 87.0 | 2010 | 0 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 5000 |
| Trimethoprim | 32.0 | 696 | 0 | 70,000 | 61,000 | NA |
| Anticoagulant | ||||||
| Warfarin | 6.9 | 171 | 0 | NA | 2300 | NA |
| Anticonvulsant | ||||||
| Carbamazepine | 39.6 | 398 | 9.2 | 100,000 | 1000 | 50,000 |
| Antidepressant | ||||||
| Fluoxetine | 50.7 | 0 | 0 | 10,000 | 10,000 | NA |
| Antidiabetic | ||||||
| Metformin | 6210 | 17,700 | 0 | 250,000 | NA | NA |
| Pentoxifylline | 26.9 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Antihistamine | ||||||
| Diphenhydramine | 56 | 838 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Antihypertensive (beta-blocker) | ||||||
| Atenolol | 245 | 165 | 6.9 | NA | 70,000 | NA |
| Metoprolol | 77 | 26 | 0 | 25,000 | 25,000 | NA |
| Antihypertensive | ||||||
| Diltiazem | 73.1 | 60.9 | 0 | 60,000 | NA | 5000 |
| Diuretic | ||||||
| Furosemide | 30.7 | 128 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 85.9 | 44.8 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Lipid regulator | ||||||
| Bezafibrate | 11.2 | 0 | 0 | 300,000 | NA | NA |
| Clofibric acid | 8.6 | 6.4 | 0 | 750,000 | 30,000 | NA |
| Gemfibrozil | 16.8 | 8.7 | 0 | 600,000 | 45,000 | 50,000 |
| Nicotine metabolite (smoking cessation) | ||||||
| Cotinine | 80 | 1060 | 14.4 | 10,000 | NA | 50,000 |
| Oral contraceptive | ||||||
| 17-α-Ethinylestradiol | 0.74 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 280 | NA |
| Statin | ||||||
| Atorvastatin | 8.8 | 5.6 | 0 | 5000 | 5000 | NA |
| Stimulant | ||||||
| Caffeine | 4018 | 12,600 | 96.2 | 350 | 350 | 50,000 |