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Astrocyte-dependent glutamate signaling and AD. Aβ alters the expression of GLT1 and GLAST transporters, alters glutamate-glutamine ratio, and induces astrocytic glutamate excitotoxicity and Ca2+ entry into the cells. This ultimately leads to a modulated activation and functioning of NMDARs and AMPAR, culminating in neuronal apoptosis in AD.
