Table 1.
Description of the samples (N = 2,781).
| Participants Cohort 1 (June) | Participants Cohort 2 (July to September) | Participants Cohort 3 (October to January) | All participants | p-values (Pearson's Chi2) (Mann–Whitney-U test) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proceeding participants (n) | 1,333 | 823 | 625 | 2,781 | |
| Mean age (years) | 48.9 ± 14.1 | 47.4 ± 13.0 | 42.7 ± 14.4 | 47.1 ± 14.1 | <0.0001 |
| Gender (%) | n.s. | ||||
| Women | 66.4 | 69.9 | 66.4 | 67.4 | |
| Men | 33.6 | 30.1 | 33.6 | 32.6 | |
| Family status (%) | n.s. | ||||
| Living alone | 22.3 | 21.3 | 18.9 | 21.2 | |
| Other forms | 77.7 | 78.7 | 81.1 | 78.8 | |
| Religious affiliation (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| With | 78.8 | 78.0 | 59.7 | 74.3 | |
| Without | 21.1 | 22.0 | 40.3 | 25.7 | |
| Faith as a strong hold (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| No | 27.0 | 27.2 | 53.5 | 33.1 | |
| Indifferent | 31.3 | 30.3 | 23.1 | 29.1 | |
| Yes | 41.8 | 42.5 | 23.4 | 37.8 | |
| Satisfaction with support by religious community (0–6) | 3.05 ± 1.22 | 2.98 ± 1.27 | 2.68 ± 1.44 | 2.96 ± 1.29 | <0.0001 |
| Lost my faith (%) | 2.8 | 3.7 | 14.7 | 5.4 | <0.0001 |
| COVID-19 testing (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Positively tested | 0.7 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 1.5 | |
| Negatively tested | 11.2 | 19.9 | 28.5 | 17.4 | |
| Not yet tested | 88.3 | 79.8 | 67.5 | 81.1 | |
| Irritated by statements about danger and course of the infection in public media (%) | 16.9 | 16.0 | 18.4 | 17.0 | n.s. |
| Not at all | 37.2 | 34.1 | 21.3 | 32.7 | <0.0001 |
| A little | 32.3 | 36.2 | 25.9 | 32.0 | <0.0001 |
| Somewhat very much | 14.3 | 14.0 | 35.2 | 18.9 | <0.0001 |
| Well-being (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Low (WHO-5 scores < 13) | 31.0 | 30.1 | 63.5 | 38.0 | |
| Moderate (WHO-5 scores 13–18) | 39.3 | 38.9 | 21.9 | 35.3 | |
| High (WHO-5 scores > 18) | 29.7 | 31.0 | 14.6 | 26.7 | |
| Social isolation/loneliness (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| No loneliness (scores < 10) | 33.3 | 37.7 | 19.5 | 31.5 | |
| Somewhat lonely (scores 10–50) | 51.4 | 48.5 | 34.2 | 46.7 | |
| Stronger loneliness (scores > 50) | 15.3 | 13.9 | 46.2 | 21.8 | |
| Health behavior (0–3) | |||||
| Frequency sporting activities | 1.83 ± 0.90 | 1.74 ± 0.91 | 1.45 ± 1.05 | 1.72 ± 0.95 | <0.0001 |
| Frequency walks in nature | 2.09 ± 0.74 | 2.03 ± 0.76 | 1.94 ± 0.92 | 2.04 ± 0.79 | 0.002 |
| Frequency meditation | 1.20 ± 1.19 | 1.02 ± 1.16 | 0.63 ± 1.01 | 1.02 ± 1.16 | <0.0001 |
| Frequency praying | 1.59 ± 1.29 | 1.49 ± 1.27 | 0.82 ± 1.19 | 1.40 ± 1.30 | <0.0001 |