Table 5.

Quality-of-life indicators in religious and non-religious persons differentiated within the three cohorts.

		Stressors (5NRS)	Well-being (WHO-5)	Life satisfaction (BMLSS-10)	Awe/Gratitude (GrAw-7)
All cohort 1 (n = 1,333)	Mean	29.76	14.96	67.93	64.89
	SD	20.00	5.26	15.58	17.98
Religious (N = 1,050, 79%)	Mean	29.17	14.96	68.29	65.05
	SD	19.21	5.23	14.98	17.97
Non-religious (n = 283, 21%)	Mean	31.96	14.92	66.59	64.30
	SD	22.58	5.40	17.59	18.03
F-value		4.37	0.01	2.65	0.39
p-value		0.037	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Hedges' g (CI)		−0.14 (−0.27 to −0.01)	0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14)	0.11 (−0.02 to 0.24)	0.04 (−0.09 to 0.17)
All cohort 2 (n = 823)	Mean	29.58	14.95	67.73	63.03
	SD	19.46	5.29	16.16	18.28
Religious (N = 642, 78%)	Mean	29.19	15.16	68.53	64.04
	SD	18.90	5.03	15.67	18.23
Non-religious (n = 181, 22%)	Mean	30.96	14.22	64.91	59.42
	SD	21.31	6.10	17.53	18.06
F-value		1.17	4.42	7.14	9.10
p-value		n.s.	0.036	0.008	0.003
Hedges' g (CI)		−0.09 (−0.26 to 0.07)	0.18 (0.01 to 0.34)	0.22 (0.06 to 0.39)	0.25 (0.09 to 0.42)
All cohort 3 (n = 625)	Mean	50.43	10.16	56.55	53.31
	SD	25.60	6.65	19.79	22.28
Religious (N = 373, 60%)	Mean	48.54	10.55	57.71	55.75
	SD	25.46	6.62	19.60	21.71
Non-religious (n = 252, 40%)	Mean	53.22	9.58	54.83	49.70
	SD	25.59	6.66	19.98	22.66
F-value		5.05	3.20	3.30	11.30
p-value		0.025	n.s.	n.s.	0.001
Hedges' g (CI)		−0.18 (−0.34 to −0.02)	0.14 (−0.01 to 0.30)	0.14 (−0.01 to 0.30)	0.27 (0.11 to 0.43)