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. 2021 Jun 24;16:4251–4276. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S301597

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© 2021 Salem et al.

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Right side of face before (A) and after topical tretinoin (B). Left side of the face before (C) and after ethosomal RP hydrogel (D). Moderate erythema noted after topical tretinoin.