Table 1.

Comparison of murine orthotopic osteosarcoma models.

Model	Characteristics
	Modified or selected cells	Whole tissue fragments	Inoculum spread controlled	Direct pulm seeding	Spont pulm mets	Ease of access
						Implantation & imaging	Amputation
This study
Tibial osteotomy with collagen implant or fragment transplantation	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y
Previous studies
Periosteal activation with cell injection or fragment transplantation (26)	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y*	Y*
Intraosseous cell injection (27)	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y*	Y*
Femoral fragment transplantation (28)	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N

Spont, spontaneous; pulm, pulmonary; mets, metastasis; *, tibial site only.