Table 1.
COVID-19 candidate vaccines undergoing clinical evaluation.
| Developer | Platform | Type | Current stage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | MVA-SARS-2-S | Phase 1 NCT04569383 | [154] |
| Vaxart | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Ad5 adjuvanted Oral Vaccine platform | Phase 1 NCT04563702 | [155] |
| Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/ Xiamen University | Replicating Viral Vector | Intranasal flu-based-RBD | Phase 1 ChiCTR2000037782 | [156] |
| University Hospital Tuebingen | Protein Subunit | SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides | Phase 1 NCT04546841 | [157] |
| West China Hospital, Sichuan University | Protein Subunit | RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells) | Phase 1 ChiCTR2000037518 | [158] |
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | Protein Subunit | Peptide | Phase 1 NCT04527575 | [159] |
| Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba | Protein Subunit | RBD + Adjuvant | Phase 1 IFV/COR/04 | [160] |
| ReiThera/ LEUKOCARE/ Univercells | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S | Phase 1 NCT04528641 | [157] |
| Institute Pasteur/ Themis/ Univ. of Pittsburg CVR | Replicating Viral Vector | Measles-vector based | Phase 1 NCT04497298 | [161] |
| Medicago Inc./ Université Laval | VLP | Plant-derived VLP | Phase 1 NCT04450004 | [162] |
| People's Liberation Army (PLA)/Walvax Biotech | RNA | mRNA | Phase 1 ChiCTR2000034112 | [163] |
| Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/ NIAID/ Dynavax | Protein Subunit | S-2P protein + CpG 1018 | Phase 1 NCT04487210 | [164] |
| Curevac | RNA | mRNA | Phase 1 NCT04449276 | [161] |
| Imperial College London | RNA | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Phase 1 ISRCTN17072692 | [157] |
| University of Queensland/ CSL/ Seqirus | Protein Subunit | Molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant | Phase 1 ACTRN12620000674932p | [164] |
| Vaxine Pty Ltd/ Medytox | Protein Subunit | Recombinant spike protein with Advax™ adjuvant | Phase 1 NCT04453852 | [159] |
| Arcturus/Duke-NUS | RNA | mRNA | Phase 1/2 NCT04480957 | [155] |
| Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc. | Protein Subunit | Native like Trimeric subunit Spike Protein vaccine (SCB-2019) | Phase 1 NCT04437875 | [165] |
| Gamaleya Research Institute | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus-based (Gam-COVID-Vac; Гам-КОВИД-Вак) | Phase 1 NCT04436471; NCT04437875 | [166] |
| Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine + Adjuvant | Phase 1 JapicCTI-205328 | [167] |
| Cadila Healthcare Limited | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine | Phase 1/2 CTRI/2020/07/026352 | [161] |
| Genexine Consortium | DNA | DNA Vaccine (GX-19) | Phase 1 NCT04445389 | [161] |
| SpyBiotech/Serum Institute of India | VLP | RBD-HBsAg VLPs | Phase 1/2 ACTRN12620000817943 | [168] |
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 NCT04530357 | [158] |
| Sanofi Pasteur/GSK | Protein Subunit | S protein (baculovirus production | Phase 1/2 NCT04537208 | [169] |
| Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 NCT04470609 Phase 1 NCT04412538 |
[161] |
| Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Ad26.COV2. S | Phase 3 NCT04505722 Phase 1/2 NCT04436276 |
[170] |
| Novavax | Protein Subunit | Recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M (NVX-CoV2373) | Phase 3 2020-004123-16 Phase2b NCT04533399 Phase 1/2 NCT04368988 |
[169] |
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals / International Vaccine Institute | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation (INO-4800) | Phase 1/2 NCT04336410; NCT04447781 | [171] |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical | Protein Subunit | Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) | Phase 2 NCT04466085 Phase 1 NCT04445194 |
[169] |
| Gamaleya Research Institute | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus-based (Gam-COVID-Vac; Гам-КОВИД-Вак) | Phase 3 NCT04530396 Phase 1 NCT04436471; NCT04437875 |
[172] |
| CanSino Biological Inc. | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector (Ad5-nCoV) | Phase 3 NCT04526990; NCT04540419 Phase 2 NCT04341389; Phase 1 NCT04313127 |
[171] |
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm | Inactivated | Inactivated (BBIBP-CorV) | Phase 3 ChiCTR2000034780 Phase 1/2 ChiCTR2000032459 |
[169] |
| Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 3 ChiCTR2000034780 Phase 1/2 ChiCTR2000031809 |
[161] |
| Sinovac | Inactivated | Inactivated + alum (CoronaVac; formerly PiCoVacc) | Phase 3 NCT04456595 Phase 1/2 NCT04383574; NCT04352608 |
[169] |
| BioNTech/ Fosun Pharma/ Pfizer | RNA | 3 LNP-mRNAs (BNT162) | Approved | [144] |
| Moderna/ NIAID | RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-1273) | Approved | [173] |
| Johnson & Johnson's Janssen/ Janssen Pharmaceuticals Companies of Johnson & Johnson | Viral vector vaccine | Viral Vector | Approved | [174] |
| University of Oxford/ AstraZeneca | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Weakened adenovirus (ChAdOx1-S; AZD1222) | Approved | [175] |