Figure 1.

Results of forward and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Two-sample MR analysis showing the effect of the exposure on the outcome using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significant at p < 5 × 10⁻⁸. Exp, exposure; Out, outcome; SNPs, number of the SNPs used in MR analysis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; AD, anxiety disorder; BIP, bipolar disorder; MDD, major depression disorder; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; SCZ, schizophrenia. The regression dilution I² statistics between PCOS exposure and each of the five psychiatric disorders were <90%, which made the results of the Egger method inaccurate. Therefore, simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) correction was applied. OR values are binary, while the intercept values are continuous. Values in red mean that they are statistically significant.