TABLE 3.

Associations for low-risk sleep behaviors with risk of terminated health span among 328,850 participants.

Sleep behaviors	Total (N)	Cases (N)	Basic model*	Fully adjusted model†	PAR% (95% CI)
			HR (95% CI)a	HR (95% CI)a
Early chronotype	206,425 (62.77)	31,686 (15.35)	0.95 (0.94–0.97)	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	−1.42 (−2.04 to −0.80)
Sleep 7–8 h/day	227,871 (69.29)	33,049 (14.50)	0.88 (0.87–0.90)	0.94 (0.92–0.95)	4.17 (3.62–4.72)
Never/rarely insomnia	83,012 (25.24)	11,510 (13.87)	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	8.39 (7.02–9.74)
No self-reported snoring	207,777 (63.18)	29,664 (14.28)	0.93 (0.91–0.95)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	5.67 (5.04–6.30)
Rarely daytime sleepiness	321,158 (97.66)	48,208 (15.01)	0.77 (0.73–0.81)	0.83 (0.79–0.87)	0.82 (0.68–0.96)
All five factors (overall)b	24,548 (7.46)	3,147 (12.82)	0.89 (0.86–0.92)	0.96 (0.93–1.00)	15.30 (12.58–17.93)

*Basic model: adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. ^aCompared with all other participants not in this low-risk group. ^bAll low-risk factors were included simultaneously in the same model, and participants without all five low-risk behaviors were set as the reference ^†Fully adjusted model: additionally adjusted for Townsend Deprivation Index, education, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, healthy diet, family history of diseases (cancer and CCVD), and medication (sleep-related drugs and aspirin/ibuprofen).