FIGURE 1.

Kidney and nephron anatomical subdivisions. (a) Mid‐sagittal section of rat kidney identifying cortex (C), outer stripe of outer medulla (OSOM), inner stripe of outer medulla (ISOM) and inner medulla. Arrows indicate estimated depth of penetration of red laser light (4 mm) and blue light‐emitting diode (LED) light (1 mm). (b) Diagrammatic illustration of nephron segments within the renal cortex and outer medulla, demonstrating the position of the cortical collecting duct (CCD); connecting tubule (CNT); cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL); distal convoluted tubule (DCT); medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL); outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD); proximal convoluted tubule (PCT); proximal straight tubule (PST). Arrows indicate depth of penetration of red laser and blue LED light (with copyright approval)