Fig. 1. Immune cell activation in COVID-19 and potential intervention checkpoints of biologic and immunosuppressive therapies in gastrointestinal disease.
Intervention strategies are highlighted in yellow. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IEC, intestinal epithelial cell; ILC, innate lymphoid cell; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TH1, T helper 1; Treg, regulatory T; Type I P, type 1 pneumocyte; Type II P, type II pneumocyte. Adapted with permission from ref.24, BMJ.