TABLE 2.
Characteristics of population of included studies
| Part 1 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Author | Year | Sample size (n) | Age (years) | Male (%) | Disease duration (years) | Pharmacotherapy | ||||||
| Levodopa (%) | Dopamine agonist (%) | MAO‐B inhibitors (%) | Amantadine (%) |
ACH (%) |
Duodopa infusion/DBS (%) | Vitamin D use (%) | |||||||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Del Prete | 2020 | 7 | 75.71 (8.90) a | 57.14 | 9.29 (3.59) a | 100 | 28.57 | 42.86 | 0 | 14.29 | 0 | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 14 | 75.05 (8.18) a | 57.14 | 8.93 (3.05) a | 92.86 | 71.43 | 42.86 | 28.57 | 0 | 0 | NR | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Fasano | 2020 | 105 | 70.5 (10.1) a | 52.4 | 9.9 (6.4) a | 95.2 | 47.6 | 21.9 | 1 | NR | NR | 12.4 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 1381 | 73.0 (9.5) a | 57.2 | 9.5 (6.8) a | 95.9 | 47 | 19.6 | 2 | NR | NR | 22.9 | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Brown | 2020 | 51 | 65 (40–89) b | 47 | ≥3 years: 60% | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 5378 | 68 (33–95) b | 52 | ≥3 years: 70% | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Santos‐García | 2020 | 15 | 65.6 (9.4) a | 47.1 | 6.8 (4.9) a | NR | NR | NR | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 553 | 63.5 (12.6) a | 46.7 | 8.5 (5.5) a | NR | NR | NR | 82 | NR | NR | NR | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Cilia | 2020 | 12 | 65.5 (8.9) a | 41.7 | 6.3 (3.6) a | 83.3 | 75 | 50 | 0 | NR | 8.3 | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 36 | 66.3 (8.1) a | 41.7 | 6.1 (2.9) a | 77.8 | 63.9 | 44.4 | 0 | NR | 2.8 | NR | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Sainz‐Amo | 2020 | 39 | 75.9 (9.0) a | 59 | 8.9 (6.2) a | NR | 23 | 44 | 5 | NR |
DBS: 10.3 Duodopa infusion: 7.7 |
15 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 172 | 73.9 (10.0) a | 59 | 8.5 (5.6) a | NR | 41 | 49 | 12 | NR |
DBS: 4.1 Duodopa infusion: 4.1 |
24 | ||
| Part 2 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Author | Smoking (%) | Obesity (%) | Hypertension (%) | Diabetes (%) | Cardiopathy (%) | Cancer (%) | Renal or hepatic dysfunction (%) | Any pulmonary disease (%) | COPD (%) | COVID‐19 contact (%) | Dyslipidemia (%) | Arrhythmia (%) |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Del Prete | NR | NR | 71.43 | 42.86 | 28.57 | 14.29 | 0 | 0 | NR | 42.86 | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | 0 | 7.14 | 14.29 | 7.14 | 14.29 | 0 | NR | 0 | NR | NR | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Fasano | 5.7 | 18.1 | 41.9 | 7.6 | NR | 0.9 | NR | 5.7 | 5.7 | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 38.7 | 8 | NR | 3.3 | NR | 1.7 | 1.7 | NR | NR | NR | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Brown | 5.9 | NR | 25 | NR | 20 | NR | NR | 14 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 1.6 | NR | 31 | NR | 8.2 | NR | NR | 8.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Santos‐García | 6.7 | NR | 26.7 | 20 | 3 | 0 | NR | 14.3 | NR |
14.8 |
64.3 | 20 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 8.3 | NR | 24.3 | 9.7 | 65 | 3.1 | NR | 9.4 | NR | 24.1 | 12.7 | ||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Cilia | 0 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 50 | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 44.4 | 5.5 | 13.9 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 0 | NR | NR | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Sainz‐ Amo |
NR | NR | 49 | 21 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | 42 | 12 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Part 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Author | Neurologic symptoms | |||||
| Hoehn‐Yahr stage (%) | Tremor (%) | Continous rigidity (%) | Motor fluctuation (%) | Dyskinesia (%) | Falls (often) (%) | ||
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Del Prete | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Fasano | 2.2 (0.8) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 2.2 (0.9) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Brown | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Santos‐García | NR | 73.3 | 33.4 | 35.7 | 53.3 | 0 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | 55.1 | 41.4 | 61 | 55.9 | 17.8 | |
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Cilia | 1.8 (0.7) | 50 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 1.8 (0.6) | 50 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
|
PD patients with COVID‐19 |
Sainz‐Amo | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Part 4 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Author | Psychiatric symptoms | Worsening following the onset of the pandemic | Hospitalization (%) | Death (%) | |||||||||
| Bad mood/depression (%) | Anxiety (%) | Pain (every day) (%) | Cognitive problems (%) | Dementia (%) | Hallucinations (%) | Behavioral disorders (%) | Motor symptoms (%) | Mood (%) | Anxiety (%) | Sleep disorders (%) | ||||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Del Prete | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 29.6 | 24.7 | 25 | 22.2 | 57.14 | 14.29 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | |||||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Fasano | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 17.1 | 5.7 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 27.2 | 7.6 | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Brown | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 55 | 51 | NR | 59 | 9.8 | NR |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 41 | 30 | NR | 32 | NR | NR | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Santos‐García | 57.1 | 60 | 26.7 | 38.5 | 6.7 | 0 | 15.4 | 40.7 | NR | 31.3 | 41.4 | 5 | 0 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | 65.6 | 65.8 | 50.4 | 36.2 | 16.2 | 23.4 | 33.6 | NR | NR | NR | ||||
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Cilia | NR | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | 8.3 | 8.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 | |
| PD patients with COVID‐19 | Sainz‐Amo | NR | NR | NR | 36 | 36 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 21 |
| PD patients without COVID‐19 | NR | NR | NR | 14 | 14 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
Abbreviations: ACH, anticholinergic; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBS, deep brain stimulation; MAO‐B, monoamine oxidase B; NR, not reported; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
a
Mean (standard deviation).
b
Median (interquartile range).