TABLE 2.
Variables associated with Covid‐19 diagnosis
| COVID‐19 cases (16866) | Death in 30 days 921 (5) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHT drugs | ACEI | 1789 (11) | 182 (20) | 1.08 (0.90‐1.30) |
| ARB | 923 (5) | 72 (8) | 0.84 (0.65‐1.09) | |
| Beta‐blocker | 2228 (13) | 263 (29) | 1.13 (0.97‐1.33) | |
| Calcium channel | 1763 (10) | 149 (16) | 0.87 (0.72‐1.04) | |
| Diuretics | 583 (3) | 47 (5) | 1.00 (0.74‐1.36) | |
| Other AHT | 340 (2) | 30 (3) | 0.85 (0.59‐1.24) | |
| Gender | Male | 6796 (40) | 465 (50) | 1.51 (1.32‐1.74) |
| Female | 10 070 (60) | 456 (50) | Reference | |
| Age group (years) | 0‐4 | 697 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00‐Inf.) |
| 5‐14 | 641 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00‐Inf.) | |
| 15‐24 | 889 (5) | 2 (0) | 0.10 (0.02‐0.41) | |
| 25‐34 | 1959 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00‐Inf.) | |
| 35‐44 | 2259 (13) | 6 (1) | 0.12 (0.05‐0.27) | |
| 45‐54 | 2663 (16) | 13 (1) | 0.23 (0.12‐0.42) | |
| 55‐64 | 2747 (16) | 56 (6) | Reference | |
| 65‐74 | 1701 (10) | 126 (14) | 3.52 (2.56‐4.85) | |
| 75‐84 | 1662 (10) | 310 (34) | 8.18 (6.02‐11.10) | |
| 85+ | 1648 (10) | 408 (44) | 10.74 (7.83‐14.72) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | <110 | 1487 (9) | 109 (12) | 1.30 (0.99‐1.70) |
| 110‐119 | 2345 (14) | 128 (14) | 1.23 (0.97‐1.56) | |
| 120‐129 | 3265 (19) | 171 (19) | 0.98 (0.79‐1.21) | |
| 130‐139 | 3068 (18) | 181 (20) | Reference | |
| 140‐149 | 1875 (11) | 130 (14) | 0.93 (0.74‐1.17) | |
| 150‐159 | 634 (4) | 45 (5) | 0.96 (0.69‐1.34) | |
| 160+ | 585 (3) | 46 (5) | 0.76 (0.54‐1.08) | |
| Not known | 3607 (21) | 111 (12) | 5.78 (0.00‐ne) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | <60 | 473 (3) | 83 (9) | 1.42 (1.05‐1.91) |
| 60‐69 | 2326 (14) | 194 (21) | 1.05 (0.84‐1.31) | |
| 70‐79 | 4654 (28) | 276 (30) | 1.03 (0.85‐1.24) | |
| 80‐89 | 4368 (26) | 191 (21) | Reference | |
| 90‐99 | 1152 (7) | 50 (5) | 1.36 (0.99‐1.87) | |
| 100+ | 286 (2) | 16 (2) | 1.12 (0.66‐1.93) | |
| Not known | 3607 (21) | 111 (12) | 0.29 (0.00‐ne) | |
| Ethnic group | White | 8296 (49) | 396 (43) | Reference |
| Black | 183 (1) | 9 (1) | 2.60 (1.33‐5.08) | |
| Asian | 305 (2) | 9 (1) | 2.15 (1.10‐4.19) | |
| Mixed | 98 (1) | 1 (0) | 0.70 (0.10‐5.05) | |
| Other | 246 (1) | 5 (1) | 1.04 (0.43‐2.52) | |
| Not known | 7738 (46) | 501 (54) | 1.05 (0.92‐1.20) | |
| Smoking status | Nonsmoker | 10 579 (63) | 550 (60) | Reference |
| Smoker | 3512 (21) | 304 (33) | 1.12 (0.96‐1.30) | |
| Exsmoker | 2775 (16) | 67 (7) | 0.81 (0.62‐1.05) | |
| Frailty level | Fit | 10 029 (59) | 182 (20) | Reference |
| Mild | 3984 (24) | 265 (29) | 0.91 (0.74‐1.12) | |
| Moderate | 1865 (11) | 283 (31) | 1.15 (0.91‐1.45) | |
| Severe | 988 (6) | 191 (21) | 1.16 (0.88‐1.52) |
Note: Figures are frequencies (column percent) except where indicated.
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AHT, antihypertensive treatment; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
All odds ratios were adjusted for each of the variables shown and body mass index category and comorbidities contributing to the Charlson index, as well as age group, gender, general practice and month of diagnosis.