FIG. 1.

Pathophysiological features of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, cytokine storm may occur due to inappropriate or ineffective pathogen recognition, with immune evasion that generates an inappropriate response, including an exaggerated effector response, cytokine production, and/or failure to return homeostasis. The described pathways are based on a report by Fajgenbaum and June.^{( 1 )} Examples of drugs that can inhibit signaling pathways are shown in red. Abbreviations: JAK‐STAT3: Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF‐κB, nuclear factor kappa B; Treg, regulatory T cell.