TABLE 1b.
COVID‐19 history of all patients
|
All patients N = 88 |
PE N = 47 |
NON‐PE N = 41 |
P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID‐19 history | ||||
| Symptoms at admission | ||||
| Fever >38°C, n (%) | 65 (73.9) | 38 (80.9) | 27 (65.9) | .1102 |
| Cough, n (%) | 53 (60.2) | 26 (55.3) | 27 (65.9) | .3138 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 68 (77.3) | 37 (78.7) | 31 (75.6) | .7280 |
| COVID‐19 pneumonia, HRCT: n (%) | ||||
| Ground glass | 78 (88.6) | 40 (85.1) | 38 (92.7) | .3542 |
| Consolidation | 56 (63.6) | 28 (59.6) | 28 (68.3) | .6351 |
| Lung lesional extension | ||||
| Absent or minimal extension | 28 (31.8) | 20 (42.6) | 8 (19.5) | .0834 |
| Moderate extension | 37 (42.0) | 18 (38.3) | 19 (46.3) | |
| Extensive and Severe extension | 17 (19.3) | 7 (14.9) | 10 (24.4) | |
| Time from COVID‐19 first symptoms to CTPA [days] | 9 [5‐14] | 10 [6‐16] | 8 [5‐11] | .1308 |
| Vital parameters at the time of CTPA | ||||
| Heart rate/min | 98 [88‐105] | 98 [84‐105] | 98 [88‐108] | .9023 |
| Respiratory frequency [/min] | 27 [22‐31] | 28 [20‐31] | 27 [24‐31] | .8228 |
| Respiratory frequency >22/min, n (%) | 45 (51.1) | 29 (61.7) | 16 (39.0) | .4398 |
| SpO2 [%] | 95 [93‐97] | 95 [93‐97] | 95 [93‐96] | .4889 |
| SpO2 < 96%, n (%) | 41 (46.6) | 24 (51.1) | 17 (41.5) | .8970 |
| Oxygen [L/min], mean ± SD | 4 ± 5 | 4 ± 5 | 4 ± 5 | .5469 |
| Oxygen flow ≤2 L/min, n (%) | 40 (45.5) | 24 (51.1) | 16 (39.0) | .8167 |
| Oxygen flow ≥6 L/min, n (%) | 19 (21.6) | 10 (21.3) | 9 (22.0) | .6034 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Platelets [G/L] | 247 [192‐331] | 248 [190‐332] | 247 [201‐332] | .8452 |
| White blood count (WBC) [G/L] | 8.2 [5.9‐12.5] | 11.5 [6.3‐15.0] | 7.2 [5.5‐8.9] | .0007 |
| White blood count >10 G/L, n (%) | 46 (52.3) | 17 (36.2) | 7 (17.1) | .0003 |
| Lymphocytes [G/L] | 1.0 [0.7‐1.3] | 0.9 [0.7‐1.4] | 1.0 [0.7‐1.2] | .6425 |
| Neutrophils [G/L] | 6.1 [4.4‐10.3] | 8.8 [4.5‐11.7] | 5.0 [4.0‐7.0] | .0218 |
| Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratio | 6.7 [3.9‐11.6] | 7.0 [4.4‐11.7] | 6.1 [3.1‐9.8] | .3420 |
| C‐Reactive Protein, [mg/L] | 109 [63‐193] | 119 [60‐196] | 103 [66‐183] | .9739 |
| BNP [pg/mL] | 75 [25‐524] | 112 [39‐647] | 57 [13‐336] | .1862 |
| BNP level >1500 pg/mL, n (%) | 8 (9.1) | 5 (10.6) | 3 (7.3) | .7108 |
| Troponin [ng/L] | 12.0 [5.0‐27.0] | 10.0 [4.3‐36.4] | 18.0 [8.0‐24.5] | .3104 |
| Serum creatinine [µM] | 81 [71‐103] | 82 [71‐98] | 81 [66‐109] | .8397 |
| Ferritin [µg/L] | 876 [476‐1342] | 1055 [729‐2193] | 561 [338‐1148] | .0157 |
| PT ratio | 1.00 [1.02‐1.17] | 1.12 [1.07‐1.18] | 1.04 [1.02‐1.12] | .0116 |
| Fibrinogen [g/L] | 6.3 [4.9‐7.3] | 6.3 [4.2‐7.8] | 6.4 [5.4‐6.9] | .5556 |
| D‐dimer [ng/mL] | 3752 [1192‐10 000] | 7830 [3856‐15 070] | 1225 [748‐2378] | <.0001 |
| D‐dimer level ≥3000 ng/mL, n (%) | 45 (51.1) | 37 (78.7) | 8 (19.5) | <.0001 |
| D‐dimer ≥3000 ng/mL and WBC ≥12 G/L, n (%) | 18 (20.5) | 17 (36.2) | 1 (2.4) | .0002 |
| Standard of care | ||||
| Oxygenotherapy, n (%) | 73 (83.0) | 39 (83.0) | 34 (82.9) | 1 |
| Ventilation | ||||
| Optiflow, n (%) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.4) | 1 |
| CPAP, n (%) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Follow‐up period [days] | 19 [14‐25] | 19 [14‐25] | 17 [13‐19] | .7984 |
| Length of hospital stay [days] | 7 [4‐12] | 7 [4‐11] | 9 [3‐14] | .9853 |
| Death or ICU transfer, n (%) | 17 (19.3) | 9 (19.1) | 8 (19.5) | .9656 |
| ICU transfer, n (%) | 11 (12.5) | 7 (14.9) | 4 (9.8) | .5330 |
| Death, n (%) | 7 (8.0) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (12.2) | .2436 |
| Hospital discharge, n (%) | 52 (59.1) | 28 (59.6) | 24 (58.5) | .9213 |
Data are presented in total (percentage) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range [IQR]) for continuous variables. Follow‐up period represented the time between COVID‐19 first symptom and last medical visit. Length of hospital stay was calculated on patients alive and not transfer in ICU department.
Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; PE, pulmonary embolism; Respiratory disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pneumonia disease [COPD], chronic infiltrative pneumonia…); CTPA, computed tomography pulmonary angiography; HRCT, high‐resolution computed tomography; PT, prothrombin time; SARS‐CoV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; µM, µmol/L; NE, not estimable.
P‐value: PE group vs NON‐PE group. P‐value < .05 is illustrated by bold value.