Table 1. Measures of Psychological Health by Gender.
| Measure | Total | Girls | Boys | Diversea | Statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO-5 | ||||||
| No. | 3049 | 2137 | 856 | 56 | F2,3046 = 64.80 | |
| Score, mean (SD) | 37.8 (20.9) | 35.8 (19.7) | 43.9 (22.4) | 22.4 (18.2) | η2 = 0.041 | <.001 |
| PHQ-9 | ||||||
| No. | 2752 | 1938 | 764 | 50 | F2,2749 = 117.16 | |
| Score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.9 (6.6) | 12.8 (6.4) | 9.2 (6.4) | 18.2 (5.4) | η2 = 0.079 | <.001 |
| ≥11, No. (%) | 1514 (55.0) | 1195 (61.7) | 272 (35.6) | 47 (94.0) | χ22,2752 = 181.64 | <.001 |
| GAD-7 | ||||||
| No. | 2821 | 1988 | 783 | 50 | F2,2818 = 110.95 | |
| Score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.3 (5.3) | 11.1 (5.0) | 8.1 (5.3) | 14.2 (4.9) | η2 = 0.073 | <.001 |
| ≥11, No. (%) | 1326 (47.0) | 1041 (52.4) | 250 (31.9) | 35 (70.0) | χ22,2821 = 104.98 | <.001 |
| ISI | ||||||
| No. | 2988 | 2101 | 835 | 52 | F2,2985 = 67.78 | |
| Score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.3 (5.7) | 11.0 (5.5) | 8.4 (5.6) | 12.2 (4.9) | η2 = 0.043 | <.001 |
| ≥15, No. (%) | 680 (22.8) | 543 (25.8) | 122 (14.6) | 15 (28.8) | χ22,2988 = 44.02 | <.001 |
| EAT-8 | ||||||
| No. | 2862 | 2017 | 794 | 51 | F2,2859 = 161.86 | |
| Score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.37 (2.7) | 3.89 (2.7) | 2.0 (2.1) | 4.0 (2.8) | η2 = 0.102 | <.001 |
| ≥2, No. (%) | 1702 (59.5) | 1295 (64.2) | 377 (47.5) | 305 (58.8) | χ22,2862 = 66.11 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: EAT-8, Eating Attitudes Test; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; WHO-5, World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index.
a
Diverse indicates persons whose gender identity or gender expression does not conform to socially defined male or female gender norms.