Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics, Work Shift, IL-6 Level and Mental Symptoms among HCWs and Controls (n = 160).
| HCWs (n = 80) | Controls (n = 80) | P -value ¥ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 38 (47.5) | 35 (43.8) | .63 |
| Rural | 42 (52.5) | 45 (56.2) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 56 (70.0) | 57 (71.2) | .86 |
| Female | 24 (30.0) | 23 (28.8) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Smoker | 62 (77.6) | 56 (70.0) | .42 |
| Non-smokers | 18 (22.5) | 24 (30.0) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 34 (42.5) | 40 (50.0) | .42 |
| Married | 46 (57.5) | 40 (50.0) | |
| Work shift | |||
| Day | 0 (0.00) | 75 (93.8) | .01* |
| Night | 36 (45.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Day and night | 44 (55.0) | 5 (6.2) | |
| DASS | |||
| Stress subscale | 9.10 ± 4.15 | 6.83 ± 2.68 | .01*, † |
| Anxiety subscale | 6.63 ± 4.31 | 4.17 ± 3.09 | .01*, † |
| Depression subscale | 6.95 ± 4.67 | 4.37 ± 3.17 | .01*, † |
| Total DASS | 22.68 ± 12.24 | 15.69 ± 8.14 | .00*, † |
| Stress level | |||
| Normal | 32 (40.0) | 50 (62.5) | .00*, ¥ |
| Mild/moderate | 32 (40.0) | 27 (33.8) | |
| Severe/extremely severe | 30 (37.5) | 11 (13.8) | |
| Anxiety level | |||
| Normal | 24 (30.0) | 37 (46.2) | .00*, ¥ |
| Mild/moderate | 26 (32.5) | 37 (46.2) | |
| Severe/extremely severe | 30 (37.5) | 6 (7.5) | |
| Depression | |||
| Normal | 26 (32.5) | 39 (48.8) | .00*, ¥ |
| Mild/moderate | 32 (39.5) | 35 (44.0) | |
| Severe/extremely severe | 22 (27.5) | 6 (7.5) | |
| IL-6 (ng/mL) | 30.86 ± 25.06 | 16.10 ± 17.99 | .00*, † |
| IL-6 level # | |||
| Low | 4 (5.0) | 16 (20.0) | .00*, ¥ |
| Moderate | 11 (13.8) | 28 (35.0) | |
| High | 65 (81.2) | 36 (45.0) | |
Data are presented as numbers (%) or mean ± SD.
*
Statistically significant at 95% level of confidence.
†
Mann–Whitney U-test.
¥
Chi square test.
#
Low: <0.3 ng/mL, moderate: 0.3 to 3 ng/mL, high: >3 ng/mL).