Table 1.
Baseline demographic and disease characteristics, according to age groups.
| Variable | Older age (N = 111) | Young and middle age (N = 84) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (minimum to maximum) | 79 (65–94) | 50 (22–64) | |
| ⩾ 80 years, n (%) | 50 (45) | ||
| Female sex, n (%) | 54 (49) | 45 (54) | 0.496 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 102 (92) | 59 (70) | <0.001 |
| Black | 8 (7) | 23 (27.4) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) median (minimum to maximum) | 2 (0–5) | 1 (0–6) | <0.001 |
| <2 | 29 (26) | 56 (67) | <0.001 |
| 2–6 | 77 (69.3) | 28 (33) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Arterial hypertension | 91 (82) | 26 (31) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 14 (12.7) | 7 (8.3) | 0.340 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 43 (38.7) | 21 (25) | 0.043 |
| Cancer | 25 (22.5) | 10 (12) | 0.052 |
| Coronary heart disease | 24 (21.6) | 9 (11) | 0.044 |
| Heart failure | 38 (34) | 2 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 24 (21.6) | 21 (25) | 0.603 |
| Presenting symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 54 (49) | 47 (56) | 0.312 |
| Cough | 46 (41.4) | 43 (51) | 0.176 |
| Headache | 8 (7.2) | 28 (33) | <0.001 |
| Myalgia | 7 (6.3) | 28 (33) | <0.001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 3 (3) | 8 (9.5) | 0.041 |
| Nausea | 6 (5.4) | 13 (15.4) | 0.019 |
| Diarrhea | 13 (12) | 18 (21.4) | 0.066 |
| Anosmia/dysgeusia | 2 (2) | 15 (18) | <0.001 |
| Time from symptom onset to hospitalization, median (minimum to maximum) days | 5 (1–27) | 7 (2–31) | 0.139 |
| EWS-2 at admission, median (minimum to maximum) | 6 (0–18) | 3 (0–10) | <0.001 |
| MEWS at admission, median (minimum to maximum) | 2 (0–6) | 1.5 (0–9) | 0.473 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 46 (41.4) | 44 (52) | 0.110 |
| LPV/r | 10 (9) | 14 (17) | 0.100 |
| Antibiotics | 63 (57) | 31 (37) | 0.013 |
| Oxygen | 51 (46) | 32 (38) | 0.272 |
| New onset dialysis | 5 (4.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0.620 |
| Complications, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| SARS | 4 (3.6) | 6 (7) | 0.002 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (2) | 1 (1.2) | 0.002 |
| Bacterial infection | 56 (50.4) | 32 (38) | 0.003 |
| Acute kidney injury | 31 (28) | 19 (23) | 0.001 |
| Admission in ICU, n (%) | 23 (21) | 24 (29) | 0.187 |
| Median length of stay (minimum to maximum) days | 14 (2–63) | 10 (0–66) | 0.004 |
| Death (%) | 16 (14) | 2 (2.4) | 0.004 |
EWS-2: Early Warning Score 2; MEWS: Modified Early Warning Score; SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; ICU: intensive care unit; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir.
Statistical significance highlighted in bold.