Table 2.
Participants’ Change agent Practices by Years of Experience and Role Configurations
| Total | Up to 5 Years | 6-10 Years | 11–20 Years | 21-plus Years | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 103) | (n = 24; 24.5%)Δ | (n = 16; 16.3%)Δ | (n = 33; 33.7%)Δ | (n = 25; 25.5%)Δ | ||
| Categorical variable | n (%) | n (%)Δ | n (%)Δ | n (%)Δ | n (%)Δ | |
| Actions taken by change agents (y) | ||||||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Communicate | 93 (90.3)1 | 22 (22.4) | 16 (16.3) | 25 (25.5) | 25 (25.5) | .01* |
| Inform | 91 (88.3)1 | 19 (19.4) | 15 (15.3) | 27 (27.6) | 25 (25.5) | .08 |
| Collaborate | 87 (84.5)1 | 18 (18.4) | 16 (16.3) | 24 (24.5) | 24 (24.5) | .01* |
| Social | ||||||
| Create networks | 41 (39.8)1 | 7 (7.1) | 5 (5.1) | 16 (16.3) | 12 (12.2) | .36 |
| Plan an event | 37 (35.9)1 | 5 (5.1) | 6 (6.1) | 12 (12.2) | 13 (13.3) | .17 |
| Develop a program | 32 (31.1) | 5 (5.1) | 7 (7.1) | 13 (13.3) | 7 (7.1) | .35 |
| Write an opinion piece | 20 (19.4) | 5 (5.1) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (6.1) | 6 (6.1) | .98 |
| Give a speech | 17 (16.5) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.1) | 9 (9.2) | .01* |
| Talk to the media | 9 (8.7) | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (3.1) | .86 |
| Clinical and social | ||||||
| Convince | 71 (68.9)1 | 19 (19.4) | 10 (10.2) | 20 (20.4) | 18 (18.4) | .46 |
| Argue | 60 (58.3)1 | 15 (15.3) | 6 (6.1) | 18 (18.4) | 18 (18.4) | .17 |
| Create partnerships | 58 (56.3)1 | 14 (14.3) | 9 (9.2) | 15 (15.3) | 16 (16.3) | .54 |
| Plan actions as change agent | 50 (48.5)1 | 12 (12.2) | 7 (7.1) | 13 (13.3) | 15 (15.3) | .47 |
| Advocate | 49 (47.6)1 | 13 (13.3) | 7 (7.1) | 12 (12.2) | 12 (12.2) | .60 |
| Actors targeted by actions (y) | ||||||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Patients’ families | 84 (81.6)1 | 18 (18.4) | 14 (14.3) | 25 (25.5) | 23 (23.5) | .31 |
| Colleagues | 76 (73.8)1 | 18 (18.4) | 15 (15.3) | 20 (20.4) | 21 (21.4) | .06 |
| Low-level or middle managers | 64 (62.1)1 | 12 (12.2) | 10 (10.2) | 22 (22.4) | 18 (18.4) | .45 |
| Social | ||||||
| Senior managers | 56 (54.3)1 | 12 (12.2) | 5 (5.1) | 18 (18.4) | 17 (17.3) | .15 |
| Low-level political actors | 15 (14.6) | 3 (3.1) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (6.1) | 4 (4.1) | .98 |
| High-level political actors | 8 (7.8) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.1) | 2 (2.0) | .99 |
| Never took any actions | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | .70 |
| Continuous variables | M (SD) | M (SD) Δ | M (SD) Δ | M (SD) Δ | M (SD) Δ | p value |
| Number of actions taken as change agents | 7.00 (3.17) | 6.67 (3.16) | 6.81 (2.17) | 6.36 (3.66) | 8.24 (3.07) | .15 |
| Number of actors targeted by change agent actions | 2.97 (1.21) | 2.75 (1.11) | 2.94 (0.68) | 2.91 (1.44) | 3.40 (1.26) | .28 |
ΔFor each cell, percentages or means were calculated based on 98 respondents (5 participants had missing data); *p < 0.05; 1This total includes participants who provided their years of experience (sum of the cells in this row) and participants who did not provide their years of experience (Δmissing data).