Summary of findings 4. Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults: prophylactic use of alpha blocker versus no drug or intervention.
| Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults: prophylactic use of alpha blocker versus no drug or intervention | ||||||
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Patient or population: adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed
Settings: secondary care Intervention: prophylactic use of alpha blocker Comparison: no drug or intervention | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (trials) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Risk with no alpha blocker | Risk with prophylactic alpha blocker | |||||
| Number of participants requiring recatheterisation | Trial population | RR 1.18 (0.58 to 2.42) | 184 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | ||
| 120 per 1000 | 141 per 1000 (69 to 289) | |||||
| Symptomatic catheter associated urinary tract infection | Trial population |
RR 0.20 (0.01 to 4.06) |
94 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | ||
| 43 per 1000 |
9 per 1000 (0 to 173) |
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| Dysuria | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Condition‐specific QoL or generic QoL measure | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; IUC: indwelling urethral catheter; QoL: quality of life; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded one level for risk of bias (unclear random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessors). bDowngraded two levels for imprecision: few participants and wide 95% confidence interval that is consistent with possible benefit and possible harm.