2. Interventions and age of participants.
| TrialID | InterventionA | Intervention B |
Age (A), years Mean (SD) |
Age (B), years Mean (SD) |
Age (overall), years |
| Ahmed 2014 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 24 h post‐op | 59.1(8.3) | 61.3 (10.5) | Not reported |
| Alessandri 2006 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 12 h post‐op | 51 (4.3) | 47 (5) | Not reported |
| Allen 2016 | IUC removed within 48 h post‐op | IUC removed within 6 h after epidural removal | 61.1 (range 31–85) | 61.7 (range 21–87) | 61.5 (range 21‐87) |
| Alonzo‐Sosa 1997 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | 53.5 (range 37‐63) | 47.1 (range 37‐67) | Not reported |
| Aref 2020 | IUC removal 6 h post‐op | IUC removal 24 h post‐op | 25.3 (2) | 25.6 (3) | Not reported |
| Aslam 2019 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1‐day post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Azarkish 2003 | IUC removal 2‐3 h after surgery | IUC removal the morning after surgery | 24.96 (4.88) | 27.06 (5.56) | Not reported |
| Azarkish 2005 | IUC removal 2‐3 h after surgery | IUC removal 24 h after surgery | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Barone 2015 | IUC removal 7 days after surgery | IUC removal 14 days after surgery | 31.9 (11.5) | 30.6 (11.7) |
Not reported |
| Basbug 2020 | IUC removal 2 h after surgery | IUC removal 12 h after surgery | 30.13 (5.83) | 29.96 (4.71) | Not reported |
| Benoist 1999 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 5 days post‐op | 55 (18) | 56 (17) | Not reported |
| Bristoll 1989 | threshold clamping | complete drainage | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Carpiniello 1988 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1‐day post‐op | 73 (6.6) | 70 (8.6) | Not reported |
| Carter‐Brooks 2018 | IUC removal 4 h after surgery | IUC removal 6 am on post‐op day 1 | 64.9 (11.5) | 65.2 (10.3) | Not reported |
| Chai 2011 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | 46.4 (3.9) | 46.4 (4.0) | Not reported |
| Chen 2013 | IUC removal ≤ 7 days | IUC removal > 7 days | 77 (12.7) | 78 (10.5) | Not reported |
| Chia 2009 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | 54.7 (11.2) | 55.7 (10.3) | Not reported |
| Chillington 1992 | IUC removal at midnight | IUC removal at 6 am the next morning | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Cornia 2003 | A computer study order was used to remind staff to remove the IUC after 3 days | A computer study order was not used to remind staff to remove the IUC after 3 days | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Coyle 2015 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal within 12 h of withdrawal of epidural anaesthesia | 63.5 (SD not reported) | 62 (SD not reported) | Not reported |
| Crowe 1993 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Dunn 1999 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | Delayed IUC removal post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Dunn 2000b | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Dunn 2003 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Durrani 2014 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 4 or 5 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 71.32 (5.94) |
| El‐Mazny 2014 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 12 h post‐op | 24.5 (4.2) | 23.8 (3.9) | Not Reported |
| Ganta 2005 | IUC removal at midnight | IUC removal at 6 am | 69.9 (SD not reported) | 68.2 (SD not reported) | 68.9 (SD not reported) |
| Glavind 2007 | IUC removal 3 h post‐op | IUC removal the next morning | Not reported | Not reported | 61 (range 31‐88) |
| Gong 2017 | IUC for 48 h with intermittent clamping | IUC for 48 h without intermittent clamping | 46.14 (8.33) | 45.70 (9.63) | Not Reported |
| Gross 2007 | IUC removal at 10 pm the day the order for removal was written | IUC removal at 7 am the day after the order for removal was written | Not reported | Not reported | 70.3 (11.7) |
| Gungor 2014 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 3 or 4 days post‐op | 55.7 (8.8) | 3 days: 58.5 (10.1) 4 days: 55.8 (9.0) |
Not reported |
| Guzman 1994 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op (with and without bladder‐clamping) | 56 (range 40‐75) | No clamping: 58 (range 8‐79) Clamping: 57 (range 36‐75) |
Not reported |
| Hakvoort 2004 | IUC removal on the morning after surgery | IUC removal 5 days post‐op | 67 (range 36 ‐ 86) | 66 (range 33‐87) | Not reported |
| Hall 1998 | IUC removal between 7 am and 9 am | IUC removal between 9 pm and 11 pm | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Han 1997 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal ≥ 3 days post‐op | 64.6 (range 50‐86) | 68.2 (range 50‐90) | Not reported |
| Hewitt 2001 | IUC removal 4‐6 days post‐op | IUC removal at 14 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Huang 2011 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 3 or 4 days post‐op | 61.21, (10.17) | 3 days: 63.93 (10.43) 4 days: 63.7 (12.5) |
62.9 (10.93) |
| Ind 1993 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | 49.59 (14.2) | 49.84 (16.6) | Not reported |
| Irani 1995 | IUC removal within 48 h | IUC removal at surgeon's discretion | 70.7 (range 42‐88) | 70 (range 58‐85) | Not reported |
| Iversen Hansen 1984 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 14 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 70 (range 24‐85) |
| Jang 2012 | No alpha blockers given | Prophylactic alpha blockers given | 54 (range 48‐62) | 59 (range 54‐66) | Not reported |
| Jeong 2014 | Prophylactic alpha blockers given | No alpha blockers given | 63.6 (6.6) | 63.4 (8) | Not reported |
| Joshi 2014 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | 46.8 (6.9) | 45.09 (6.44) | Not reported |
| Jun 2011 | Prophylactic alpha blockers given | No alpha blockers given | 68.71 (7.6) | 71.4 (7.85) | Not reported |
| Kamilya 2010 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 4 days post‐op | 46.9 (12.02) | 47.9 (12.78) | Not reported |
| Kelleher 2002 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Kim 2012 | IUC removal on post‐op day 3/4 | IUC removal on post‐op day 7/8 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Koh 1994 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | 68.8, 7.3 (mean, SD) | 73, 7.6 (mean, SD) | Not reported |
| Kokabi 2009 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 2 days post‐op OR 4 days post‐op (3‐arm trial) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Lang 2020 | IUC removal 4 h post‐op | IUC removal day 1 post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 44.4 (8.8) |
| Lau 2004 | "In out" catheterisation | IUC overnight | Not reported | Not reported | 63.3 (4.9) |
| Li 2014 | IUC removal on day 1‐2 post‐op | IUC removal on day 5‐7 post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Range 56 ‐ 92 |
| Liang 2009 | IUC removal immediately | IUC removal 1 day post‐op OR 2 days post‐op (3‐arm trial) |
43.7 (3.9) | B) 45.7 ( 3.5) C) 45.7 ( 5.8) |
Not reported |
| Lista 2020 | IUC removal on day 3 post‐op | IUC removal on day 5 post‐op | 63 (range 48 ‐ 75) | 64 (range 45 – 75) | Not reported |
| Liu 2015 | Clamping of IUC | No clamping of IUC i.e. free drainage | 51 (13.2) | 52 (16.4 SD) | Not reported |
| Lyth 1997 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Mao 1994 | IUC duration 7 am to 8 pm (same day) | IUC duration 7 am to 6 am (next day) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Matsushima 2015 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 4 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 65.9 (5.5) |
| McDonald 1999 | IUC removal at midnight | IUC removal at 6 am | 66.7 (range 51‐81) | 68.7 (range 57‐89) | 67.8 (range 51‐89) |
| Naguimbing‐Cuaresma 2007 | IUC removal 4 h post‐op | IUC removal day 1 post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Nathan 2001 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | 46.5 (5.6) | 45.7 (5.4) | Not reported |
| Nguyen 2012 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 10 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Nielson 1985 | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | IUC removal 28 days post‐op | 64 (range 21‐81) | 64 (range 16‐78) | Not reported |
| Noble 1990 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at midnight | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Nyman 2010 | Clamping of IUC | No clamping of IUC | 79 (11) | 80 (11.2) | Not reported |
| Oberst 1981 | Clamping of IUC | No clamping of IUC | 64.5 (10.26) | 59 (11.92) | Not reported |
| Onile 2008 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removed immediately post‐op | 31.67 (6.042) | 32.72 (5.96) | Not reported |
| Ouladsahebmadarek 2012 | IUC removed immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | 37.48 (8.85) | 39.48 (9.54) | Not reported |
| Pervaiz 2019 | IUC removal on day 1 post‐op | IUC removal on day 4 post‐op | 67.00 (9.11) | 65.56 (9.25) | Not reported |
| Popiel 2017 | IUC removal within 6 h of operation completion | IUC removal on day 1 post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Rajan 2017 | IUC removal within 3 h of operation completion | IUC removal on day 1 post‐op | 50 (18) | 48 (2.4) | Not reported |
| Ruminjo 2015 | IUC removal on day 7 post‐op | IUC removal on day 14 post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Sahin 2011 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 2 days post‐op AND 3 days post‐op (3‐arm trial) |
62.5 (SD not reported) | B: 61.5, C: 62 (SD not reported) | 62 (range 48‐77) |
| Sandberg 2019 | IUC removal immediately post‐op | IUC removal 18‐24 h post‐op | 49.3 (10.5) | 51.5 (11.9) | Not reported |
| Schiotz 1995 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 65.9 (range 29.9‐95.2) |
| Schiotz 1996 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 50.3 (range 26.9‐72.6) |
| Sekhavat 2008 | IUC removed immediately post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | 38.9 (2.9) | 39 (3.8) | Not reported |
| Shahnaz 2016 | IUC removal 24 h post‐op | IUC removal 72 h post‐op | 39.4 (3.2) | 38.8 (2.8) | Not reported |
| Shrestha 2013 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | 53.35 (10.94) |
| Souto 2004 | IUC removal 7 days post‐op | IUC removal 14 days post‐op | 64 (7.3) | 61 (7.3) | 62 (range 50‐73) |
| Sun 2004 | IUC removal on the next morning post‐op | IUC removal 5 days post‐op | 46.7 (6.7) | 48.3 (8.3) | Not reported |
| Tahmin 2011 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 5 days post‐op | 51.75 (10.8) | 53.95 (12.8) | Not reported |
| Talreja 2016 | Clamping of IUC | No clamping of IUC i.e. free drainage | 63.05 (4.69) | 64.21 (5.36) | Not reported |
| Taube 1989 | IUC removal immediately after emptying of bladder | IUC removal 1 day post‐op AND 2 days post‐op (3‐arm trial) |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Toscano 2001 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Valero Puerta 1998 | IUC removal on day 2 post‐op | IUC removal according to usual care | 70 (range 53‐83) | 69 (range 50‐87) | Not reported |
| Vallabh‐Patel 2020 | IUC removal 6 h post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | 59.52 (8.5) | 59.57 (11.2) | Not reported |
| Webster 2006 | IUC removal at 6 am | IUC removal at 10 pm | 55.02 (19.97) | 55.05 (18.99) | Not reported |
| Weemhoff 2011 | IUC removal 2 days post‐op | IUC removal 5 days post‐op | 59.9 (10.2) | 60.7 (11.1) | Not reported |
| Williamson 1982 | Clamping of IUC | No clamping of IUC i.e. free drainage | Not reported | Not reported | Range 22‐40 |
| Wilson 2000 | Bladder infusion with normal saline by gravity until bladder was full | IUC removal at 6 am | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Wu 2015 | Catheter clamped when patient woke up post‐op. On Day 1 morning post‐op, when the patient felt urge to pass urine, the urinary catheter balloon was deflated and the catheter allowed to be self‐dislodged during urination | On the morning of Day1 post‐op, after the patient passed urine (through the catheter), saline was used to wash the bladder and the catheter clamped. 10 min after clamping, the balloon was deflated and the catheter allowed to be self‐dislodged during urination | 45.6 (7.2) | 46.1 (7) | Not reported |
| Wyman 1987 | IUC removal between 6 am and 7 am | IUC removal between 10 pm and 11 pm | Not reported | Not reported | 70.8 (range 50‐89) |
| Yaghmaei 2017 | IUC removal 6 h post‐op | IUC removal 12‐24 h post‐op | 28.19 (5.80) | 28.01 (5.83) | Not reported |
| Yee 2015 | IUC removal 8 h post‐op | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Zaouter 2009 | IUC removal on the same morning as the surgery | IUC removal when the epidural anaesthesia was removed | 57 (15) | 63 (11) | Not reported |
| Zhou 2012 | IUC removal 6‐8 h post‐op | IUC removal 24 h post‐op | 25.11(4.88) | 26.33 (5.08) | Not reported |
| Zmora 2010 | IUC removal 1 day post‐op | IUC removal 3 days post‐op AND 5 days post‐op (3‐arm trial) |
57.4 (range 18‐85) | B: 54.6 (range 25‐81) C: 54.2 (range 22‐78) |
Not reported |
| Zomorrodi 2018 | IUC removal 3 days post‐op | IUC removal 7 days post‐op | 43.52 (13.6) | 43.20 (14.39) | Not reported |
IUC: indwelling urethral catheter