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. 2021 Jun 29;2021(6):CD004011. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004011.pub4

Comparison 1. Removal of indwelling urethral catheter at one specified time of day (10 pm to midnight) versus another specified time of day (6 am to 7 am).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Number needing to be recatheterised 10 1920 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.52, 0.94]
1.1.1 Urological surgery and procedures 6 1400 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.60, 1.27]
1.1.2 Gynaecological surgery 2 202 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.15, 0.69]
1.1.3 General medical and surgical patients 2 318 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.36, 1.46]
1.2 Number needing to be recatheterised: subgroup analysis based on sex 6 1200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.44 [0.25, 0.76]
1.2.1 Men only 4 998 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.28, 1.44]
1.2.2 Women only 2 202 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.15, 0.69]
1.3 Symptomatic catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (number of participants) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.3.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.4 Asymptomatic bacteriuria (number of participants) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.4.1 Gynaecological surgery 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.5 Incidence of urinary retention 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.5.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.6 Difficulty in passing urine 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.6.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.7 Loin pain 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.7.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.8 Fever 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.8.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.9 Incontinence 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.9.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.10 Dysuria (number of participants) 1 170 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.20 [0.70, 6.86]
1.10.1 General medical and surgical patients 1 170 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.20 [0.70, 6.86]
1.11 Volume of the first void (mL) 11 1198 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 21.98 [3.04, 40.92]
1.11.1 Urological surgery and procedures 8 923 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 11.63 [‐10.65, 33.91]
1.11.2 Gynaecological surgery 1 107 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 34.00 [‐11.30, 79.30]
1.11.3 General medical and surgical patients 2 168 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 74.54 [15.35, 133.73]
1.12 Volume of first void (median and range) 1   Other data No numeric data
1.12.1 Following gynaecological surgery 1   Other data No numeric data
1.13 Time to first void (hours) 10 1140 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.41, 1.01]
1.13.1 Urological surgery and procedures 6 703 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.39, 1.06]
1.13.2 Gynaecological surgery 1 107 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐1.46, 1.66]
1.13.3 General medical and surgical patients 3 330 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.02, 1.57]
1.14 Time to first void (median) 1   Other data No numeric data
1.14.1 Following gynaecological surgery 1   Other data No numeric data
1.15 Post‐void residual volume 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.15.1 General medical and surgical patients 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.16 Length of hospitalisation in days 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.16.1 Gynaecological surgery 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.17 Length of hospitalisation in days 2   Other data No numeric data
1.17.1 Urological surgery and procedures (mean, total) 1   Other data No numeric data
1.17.2 Gynaecological surgery involving the bladder /urethra (median, range) 1   Other data No numeric data
1.17.3 Gynaecological surgery not involving the bladder/urethra (median, range) 1   Other data No numeric data
1.18 Time between removal of catheter to discharge 2 272 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.08 [‐5.96, 6.12]
1.18.1 Urological surgery and procedures 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐6.06, 6.06]
1.18.2 General medical and surgical patients 1 200 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 15.50 [‐67.34, 98.34]