| 2.1 Number needing to be recatheterised |
44 |
5870 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.81 [1.35, 2.41] |
| 2.1.1 Early removal versus later |
19 |
2528 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.59 [1.47, 4.57] |
| 2.1.2 1‐day policy versus later |
16 |
1874 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.45 [0.93, 2.25] |
| 2.1.3 2‐day to 7‐day policy versus later |
10 |
1468 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.67 [0.93, 2.99] |
| 2.2 Number needing to be recatheterised: subgroup analysis based on type of surgery |
37 |
4736 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.85 [1.36, 2.51] |
| 2.2.1 Urological surgery |
9 |
1104 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.50, 1.67] |
| 2.2.2 Gynaecological surgery |
24 |
2935 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.25 [1.58, 3.22] |
| 2.2.3 Obstetric surgery |
4 |
697 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.36 [0.93, 12.15] |
| 2.3 Number needing to be recatheterised: subgroup analysis based on sex |
37 |
4736 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.85 [1.36, 2.51] |
| 2.3.1 Men only |
9 |
1104 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.50, 1.67] |
| 2.3.2 Women only |
28 |
3632 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.29 [1.64, 3.18] |
| 2.4 Number needing to be recatheterised: subgroup analysis based on antibiotic prophylaxis |
27 |
3839 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.72 [1.11, 2.65] |
| 2.4.1 Antibiotic prophylaxis given |
22 |
3040 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.73 [1.04, 2.89] |
| 2.4.2 No antibiotic prophylaxis |
5 |
799 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.65 [0.70, 3.86] |
| 2.5 Symptomatic catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (number of participants) |
41 |
5759 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.45, 0.61] |
| 2.5.1 Early versus later |
17 |
2220 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.43, 0.71] |
| 2.5.2 1 day versus later |
15 |
1879 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.48 [0.37, 0.62] |
| 2.5.3 2 to 7 days versus later |
9 |
1660 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.39, 0.78] |
| 2.6 Symptomatic catheter‐associated urinary tract infection: post‐hoc subgroup analysis by antibiotic prophylaxis |
24 |
3516 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.38, 0.59] |
| 2.6.1 Antibiotic prophylaxis |
20 |
2871 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.49 [0.39, 0.62] |
| 2.6.2 No antibiotic prophylaxis given |
4 |
645 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.28 [0.11, 0.72] |
| 2.7 Asymptomatic bacteruria (number of participants) |
18 |
2611 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.38, 0.58] |
| 2.7.1 Early versus later |
10 |
1461 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.59 [0.45, 0.77] |
| 2.7.2 1 day versus later |
6 |
683 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.37 [0.26, 0.54] |
| 2.7.3 2 to 7 days versus later |
3 |
467 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.32 [0.18, 0.59] |
| 2.8 Incidence of urinary retention |
19 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.8.1 Early versus later |
7 |
1108 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.07 [0.57, 2.00] |
| 2.8.2 1 day versus later |
7 |
680 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.36 [1.03, 1.81] |
| 2.8.3 2 to 7 days versus later |
6 |
881 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.37 [0.88, 2.12] |
| 2.9 Delayed voiding after catheter removal |
2 |
176 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.02 [0.53, 1.97] |
| 2.9.1 1 day versus later |
2 |
176 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.02 [0.53, 1.97] |
| 2.10 Chronic urinary retention |
2 |
339 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.84 [0.29, 2.44] |
| 2.10.1 1‐day policy versus later |
2 |
230 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.26, 2.59] |
| 2.10.2 2 to 7 days versus later |
1 |
109 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.02 [0.07, 15.87] |
| 2.11 Other complications of catheterisation: fever |
2 |
470 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.40, 3.40] |
| 2.11.1 Early versus later |
2 |
470 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.40, 3.40] |
| 2.12 Other complications of catheterisation: epididymitis |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 2.12.1 2 to 7 days versus later |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 2.13 Pain or discomfort (dichotomous) |
5 |
510 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.21, 1.27] |
| 2.13.1 Immediate post‐op removal versus removal 24 hours post‐op |
3 |
230 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.31 [0.04, 2.64] |
| 2.13.2 Removal 4 hours post‐op versus removal 24 hours post‐op |
1 |
240 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.00 [0.78, 1.29] |
| 2.13.3 Removal 3 days post‐op versus removal 28 days post‐op |
1 |
40 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.20 [0.01, 3.92] |
| 2.14 Pain or discomfort: 0‐10 VAS (higher score = greater pain) |
5 |
695 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.34 [‐0.47, ‐0.20] |
| 2.14.1 Removal 4 hours post‐op versus removal at 6am 1 day post‐op |
1 |
57 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.60 [‐1.65, 0.45] |
| 2.14.2 Immediate post‐op removal versus removal 24 hours post‐op |
3 |
433 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐0.52, ‐0.23] |
| 2.14.3 Immediate removal post‐op versus removal 3‐5 days post‐op |
1 |
205 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.37, 0.56] |
| 2.15 Patient satisfaction |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 2.16 Urinary incontinence |
7 |
1195 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.35, 0.86] |
| 2.16.1 Early versus later |
2 |
396 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.13 [0.03, 0.55] |
| 2.16.2 2 to 7 days versus later |
5 |
799 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.82 [0.52, 1.32] |
| 2.17 Dysuria |
7 |
1398 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.42 [0.20, 0.88] |
| 2.17.1 Early versus later |
7 |
1398 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.42 [0.20, 0.88] |
| 2.18 Volume of first void (mL) |
3 |
364 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
27.02 [1.00, 53.04] |
| 2.18.1 Early removal versus later |
1 |
227 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
12.00 [‐21.97, 45.97] |
| 2.18.2 2‐day to 7‐day policy versus later |
2 |
137 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
48.36 [7.88, 88.84] |
| 2.19 Time to first void (hours) |
2 |
277 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐8.59 [‐16.16, ‐1.01] |
| 2.19.1 Early removal versus later |
2 |
277 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐8.59 [‐16.16, ‐1.01] |
| 2.20 Post‐void residual volume (mL) |
2 |
137 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.37 [‐9.14, 21.88] |
| 2.20.1 2‐day to 7‐day policy versus later |
2 |
137 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.37 [‐9.14, 21.88] |
| 2.21 Post‐void residual volume (median and range) (mL) |
1 |
|
Other data |
No numeric data |
| 2.22 Length of hospitalisation in days |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.22.1 Early removal versus later |
13 |
2012 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.54 [‐0.82, ‐0.27] |
| 2.22.2 1‐day policy versus later |
10 |
1249 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.66 [‐2.25, ‐1.07] |
| 2.22.3 2‐day to 7‐day policy versus later |
5 |
474 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐5.00 [‐5.89, ‐4.11] |
| 2.23 Length of hospitalisation in days: subgrouping based on type of surgery |
27 |
3735 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.13 [‐1.42, ‐0.83] |
| 2.23.1 Urological procedures |
7 |
1005 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐3.40 [‐4.75, ‐2.05] |
| 2.23.2 Gynaecological procedures |
13 |
1453 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.92 [‐1.33, ‐0.51] |
| 2.23.3 Obstetric procedures |
6 |
1217 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.50 [‐0.87, ‐0.13] |
| 2.23.4 General surgical procedures |
1 |
60 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.10 [‐2.77, 0.57] |
| 2.24 Length of hospitalisation in days (median and range) |
6 |
|
Other data |
No numeric data |
| 2.25 Frequency of micturition |
2 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.25.1 Early versus later |
2 |
521 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.18 [0.06, 0.53] |
| 2.26 Time to first ambulation (hours) |
9 |
1688 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐5.06 [‐5.24, ‐4.88] |
| 2.26.1 Early versus later |
9 |
1688 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐5.06 [‐5.24, ‐4.88] |
