Liang 2009.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Dates study conducted: July 2007‐January 2008
Participants	Number of participants: 162 eligible; 150 randomised; 150 reported Setting: Taiwan Population: women Age (mean ± SD): A 43.7 ± 3.9; B 45.7 ± 3.5; C 45.7 ± 5.8 Inclusion criteria: consenting women undergoing laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Included uterine myoma, adenomyosis, tubo‐ovarian abscess, intra‐epithelial neoplasia of the cervix, grade 3 and intractable hemorrhagic Condition for hospitalisation: hysterectomy Exclusion criteria: patients that had pelvic organ prolapse or urodynamic stress incontinence or found with bacteriuria form pre‐operative urinalysis or clinically adverse urinary symptoms such as dysuria, frequency of micturition, urgency stress incontinence or obstructive voiding symptoms Use of antibiotic prophylaxis: IV prophylactic antibiotics consisting of cefazolin 500 mg after induction of general anaesthesia
Interventions	Group A (n = 50): no IUC Group B (n = 50): IUC removed after 1 day Group C (n = 50): IUC removed after 2 days Size and type of catheter used: indwelling Foley catheter Study definition of short‐term catheterisation (days): not reported Intended duration of catheterisation for each group: A: no IUC use post‐op B: IUC removed 1 day post‐op (removal at 7 am‐8 am) C: IUCremoved 2 days post‐op (removal at 7 am‐8 am)
Outcomes	UTI Urinary retention Duration of catheter time
Definition of CAUTI or bacteriuria	UTI was defined as a positive urine culture with colonies of bacteria > 105 organisms/μL. However, treatment was instituted for positive urine cultures only if the patient had adverse urinary symptoms or post‐op pyrexia (> 38 °C).
Sponsorship/funding	This work was supported by Medical Research Project Grant CMRPG 360291 and BMRP 412 from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Ethical approval	The ethics committee of the hospital approved the study protocol (No. 95‐1179B).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: “Randomly allocated …” Comment: unclear as to how randomisation was actually performed
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: “Randomization was achieved by selection of sealed envelopes, which were opened just before surgery. When patients’ number in each group reached 50, we ended the patient collection.” Comment: adequate method of concealment
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported. Likely not possible to blind participants
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of microbiological outcome (detection bias)	Low risk	Not reported. Unlikely that microbiologist knew participants belonged to the trial
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No withdrawals reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported in full in methods and results sections
Other bias	Low risk	Appears to be free from other sources of bias