Schiotz 1996.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Dates study conducted: November 199‐April 1994
Participants	Number of participants: eligible, not reported; 109 randomised; 91 reported Country: Norway Population: women Age (mean and range): overall 50.3 (26.9‐72.6) Inclusion criteria: women admitted for elective retropubic surgery for urinary stress continence Condition for hospitalisation: elective retropubic surgery for urinary stress incontinence Exclusion criteria: not reported Use of antibiotic prophylaxis: not reported
Interventions	Group A (n = 45): IUC removal after 1 day Group B (n = 46): IUC removal after 3 days Size and type of catheter used: 12 or 14 Fr Foley catheter, Teflon‐coated Study definition of short‐term catheterisation (days): not reported Intended duration of catheterisation for each group: A: 1 day post‐op IUC B: 3 day post‐op IUC
Outcomes	UTI Delayed spontaneous voiding after catheter removal Recatheterisation Length of hospital stay Asymptomtic bacteriuria (cannot be incorporated as reported as total number without the numbers in each group)
Definition of CAUTI or bacteriuria	Cultures were defined as positive when an midstream urine specimen yielded > 100,000 cfu/mL of any organism, or a catheter specimen yielded > 10,000 cfu/mL. UTI was defined as a positive culture associated with dysuria, pain, fever or sepsis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as a positive culture in the absence of symptoms. If there was doubt, participants were defined as having UTI rather than asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Sponsorship/funding	This study was supported by a grant from Anders Jahre’s Foundation, Oslo, Norway.
Ethical approval	Not reported
Notes	18 participants were excluded following randomisation; 15 participants were excluded as they were administered antibiotic prophylaxis and 3 had confounding post‐op antibiotic treatment Cultures were defined as positive when a midstream urine specimen yielded > 100,000 cfu/mL of any organism or a catheter specimen yielded > 10,000 cfu/mL UTI was defined as a positive culture associated with dysuria, pain, fever or sepsis Asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as positive culture in the absence of symptoms
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: “Patients were pre‐operatively randomized to …” Comment: randomisation method unclear
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: “… by means of a nurse drawing a closed envelope.” Comment: envelopes were concealed
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported. Unlikely that blinding of participants occurred
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of microbiological outcome (detection bias)	Low risk	Urine cultures were taken from microscopy and culture. Suggests that microbiologist processed them at a laboratory and so unlikely to know which patients were part of the study.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: “15 patients were excluded owing to …” Comment: reasons for withdrawals given. Participants who completed the study are reported in full
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported in full. However, protocol not available for assessment
Other bias	Low risk	Appears to be free from other sources of bias