The activity of DG mature neurons regulates spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior, as well as excitability of immature aDGCs. a, Experimental design for the behavioral test. b, Heatmap of mice in probe test 1 of BMT. c, Latency to the escape hole in BMT during training and in probe test 1 (two-way ANOVA, interaction F6,128 = 3.391, P = 0.004; day F3,128 = 1.603, P = 0.192; virus F2,128 = 2.121, P = 0.124). d, Active time at the escape hole (one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test, F2,32 = 3.929, *P = 0.03). e, Heatmap of mice in the OFT. f, Active time of mice in the center of the OFT (F2,32 = 3.806, *P = 0.033). g, Total distance traveled in the OFT (F2,32 = 5.755, *P = 0.007). h, Heatmap of mice in the EPMT. i, Percentage of active time in the open arms of the EPMT (F2,32 = 4.298, *P = 0.022). j, Percentage of entries into the open arms of the EPMT (F2,32 = 4.412, *P = 0.020). k and l, Total time spent immobile in TST (F2,32 = 8.004, *P = 0.002). m-q, Representative images, and quantification of c-Fos and Egr1 expression, and DCX-positive immature aDGCs in the DG (o, F2,9 = 32.540, *P < 0.001; p, F2,10 = 4.663, *P = 0.037; q, F2,13 = 29.458, *P < 0.001). All scale bars are 100 μm.