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. 2021 Jun 28;27(24):3609–3629. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3609

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Mucosal immunohistochemistry in patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. A and B: Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) immunoreactivity was mainly scattered in the epithelium in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (scale bar = 20 μm); C and D: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) immunoreactivity was distributed in the epithelium and lamina propria in UC patients and healthy controls (Scale bar = 20 μm); E: The mean optical density of TGR5 in the colonic mucosa in UC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P = 0.0003); F: The mean optical density of VDR in the colonic mucosa decreased significantly in patients (P = 0.033). UC: Ulcerative colitis; TGR5: Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5; VDR: Vitamin D receptor; MOD: Mean optical density.