Table 4.

Binding of dMF or cholestyramine to bile acids (taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid) in vitro.

Concentrations of dMF or cholestyramine (mg/mL)	Bile acid binding
	Taurocholic acid		Taurodeoxycholic acid
	dMF (% of control)	Cholestyramine (% of control)	dMF (% of control)	Cholestyramine (% of control)
0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	4.9 ± 11.3	0.0 ± 0.0	8.2 ± 13.8
1	0.0 ± 0.0	47.2 ± 3.0∗∗	0.0 ± 0.0	87.3 ± 3.7∗
5	0.0 ± 0.0	83.6 ± 2.1∗∗	0.0 ± 0.0	93.8 ± 2.1∗∗
10	16.6 ± 5.9##	87.7 ± 1.7∗∗	10.2 ± 25.5#	96.5 ± 2.6∗∗

dMF, dried mulberry fruit powder. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3).

∗P < 0.01, ∗∗P < 0.001 vs. control. #P < 0.01, ##P < 0.001 vs. cholestyramine at the same concentration.