Table 2.

Univariate analyses of associated factors for quality of life in older adults in community care

Variable	Subgroup	Quality of life mean (SD)	t/Fa	P
Gender	Female	0.82 (0.14)	1.195	0.031*
	Male	0.78 (0.17)
Age	60–69	0.82 (0.18)	1.354	0.001*
	70–79	0.82 (0.14)
	80–89	0.81 (0.16)
	≥ 90 years	0.78 (0.15)
Relationship status	Living with someone	0.81 (0.15)	1.357	0.001*
	Living alone	0.81 (0.15)
Country of birth	English speaking country	0.82 (0.15)	0.96	0.654
	Non-English speaking country	0.81 (0.16)
Remoteness	Major city	0.81 (0.16)	1.218	0.019*
	Inner regional	0.83 (0.12)
	Outer regional/remote	0.79 (0.15)
Socio-economic status	Lowest quintile	0.82 (0.15)	0.924	0.786
	Not in lowest quintile	0.81 (0.15)
Pension status	Pension	0.81 (0.15)	1.222	0.02*
	No pension	0.79 (0.18)
Funding package	Entry-level care	0.83 (0.14)	1.379	< 0.001*
	More complex care	0.73 (0.17)
Service type cluster	Mostly Day Centre	0.83 (0.14)	1.403	< 0.001*
	Mostly Social Support	0.74 (0.18)
	Mostly Outings	0.77 (0.17)
Services	Above mean service hours	0.82 (0.15)	1.172	0.06
	Below mean service hours	0.80 (0.15)
Number of ADLs needing helpa	0	0.82 (0.15)	3.915	< 0.001*
	1	0.72 (0.14)
	2	0.59 (0.23)
	3	0.56 (0.13)
	4	0.66 (0.08)
	5	0.68 (0.19)
Number of IADLs needing helpb	0	0.83 (0.13)	1.736	< 0.001*
	1	0.74 (0.19)
	2	0.76 (0.17)
	3	0.78 (0.16)
	4	0.75 (0.19)
	5	0.78 (0.14)
Number of unmet needs	0	0.83	7.27	< 0.001*
	1	0.74
	2	0.76
	3	0.72
	4	0.92
	5	0.85
Social Participation	Household - Below the mean	0.80 (0.16)	1.48	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.82 (0.15)
	Family - Below the mean	0.77 (0.17)	1.541	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.84 (0.13)
	Friends - Below the mean	0.76 (0.17)	1.701	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.86 (0.12)
	Neighbours - Below the mean	0.77 (0.17)	1.457	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.85 (0.13)
	Religious - Below the mean	0.79 (0.17)	1.014	0.438
	- Above the mean	0.84 (0.12)
	Community- Below the mean	0.75 (0.18)	1.753	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.86 (0.11)
	Affairs - Below the mean	0.77 (0.17)	1.428	< 0.001*
	- Above the mean	0.86 (0.11)
Social participation total score	0	0.64 (0.22)	2.086	< 0.001*
	1	0.72 (0.15)
	2	0.76 (0.16)
	3	0.80 (0.14)
	4	0.85 (0.12)
	5	0.87 (0.10)
	6	0.89 (0.10)
	7	0.91 (0.08)

^aADLs consisted of bathing, dressing, eating, walking and toileting. Number refers to the numbers of needs for assistance with ADLs. ^bIADLs consisted of doing housework, getting backs, shopping, taking medicine, and handling money. Number refers to the numbers of assistance with IADLs

*refers to significant p-value