Table 1.
Hemodynamics and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in control (Cont, n = 8), control nicotinamide (Cont+NicA, n = 7), diabetic (Diab, n = 7), and diabetic nicotinamide (Diab+NicA, n = 8) groups
| Cont | Cont + NicA | Diab | Diab + NicA | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 338 ± 6 | 343 ± 6 | 255 ± 6*† | 299 ± 10# | p < 0.05 |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 110 ± 2 | 115 ± 2 | 94 ± 3*† | 101 ± 2# | p < 0.05 |
| HRV (ms2) | 105.1 ± 15.5 | 101.4 ± 17.6 | 129.6 ± 28.9 | 120.9 ± 17.7 | p > 0.05 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 9.3 ± 1.2*# | p < 0.05 |
| LF (ms2) | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | p > 0.05 |
| HF (ms2) | 13.0 ± 0.8 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | 7.0 ± 1.2*† | 13.7 ± 1.6# | p < 0.05 |
| LF (n.u.) | 22.8 ± 2.8 | 19.8 ± 3.3 | 25.6 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 2.4 | p > 0.05 |
| HF (n.u.) | 77.1 ± 2.8 | 80.1 ± 3.3 | 71.2 ± 3.7 | 76.5 ± 2.4 | p > 0.05 |
| LF/HF | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | p > 0.05 |
| SAPV (mmHg2) | 43.9 ± 1.8 | 42.2 ± 4.8 | 21.8 ± 10.0 | 33.1 ± 3.8 | p > 0.05 |
HRV Heart rate variability; SAPV systolic arterial pressure variability computed from 0.20 to 3 Hz (total power), low-frequency (LF: 0.20–0.75 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: 0.75–3 Hz) bands; RMSSD root mean square of successive differences; n.u normalized units. *p < 0.05 vs. Cont; #p < 0.05 vs. Diab, †p < 0.05 vs. Cont+NicA