Fig. 1.

Females and males exhibit distinct methylation patterns at sex-associated CpG sites on the two sex chromosomes a The X chromosome: most sex-associated CpG sites from females have beta values range between 0.2 and 0.8; most of these sites from males are less methylated (beta values less than 0.2). b The Y chromosome: the identified sex-associated CpG sites of males are highly methylated with beta values greater than 0.6 whereas females exhibited low methylation signals