Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis on potential risk factors for pregnancy outcomes in the entire cohort
| Potential risk factor variables | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical pregnancy | ||
| FET timing (Immediate FETa versus delayed FETb) | 0.939 (0.781–1.129) | NS |
| Age (35–37 versus ≤34) | 0.929 (0.690–1.251) | NS |
| Age (≥38 versus ≤34) | 0.422 (0.268–0.663) | P < 0.001 |
| BMI (< 18.5 versus 18.5–24.9) | 1.073 (0.729–1.577) | NS |
| BMI (≥25 versus 18.5–24.9) | 1.120 (0.910–1.378) | NS |
| COH protocol (short-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 1.256 (1.010–1.562) | P < 0.05 |
| COH protocol (long-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 1.363 (0.973–1.909) | NS |
| Trigger type (GnRH-a trigger versus HCG trigger) | 1.267 (0.924–1.738) | NS |
| Trigger type (Double trigger versus HCG trigger) | 2.737 (1.227–6.106) | P < 0.05 |
| Insemination method (ICSI versus IVF) | 0.875 (0.687–1.115) | NS |
| Number of embryo transferred (2 versus 1) | 1.573 (1.147–2.156) | P < 0.01 |
| Embryo stage (blastocyst versus cleavage) | 2.682 (1.999–3.599) | P < 0.001 |
| Top or good quality embryo transfer (yes versus no) | 1.203 (0.940–1.539) | NS |
| Tubal factor (yes versus no) | 1.110 (0.877–1.407) | NS |
| Ovulatory disorder (yes versus no) | 1.111 (0.877–1.407) | NS |
| Male factor (yes versus no) | 1.172 (0.925–1.486) | NS |
| Unexplained factor (yes versus no) | 1.452 (0.870–2.423) | NS |
| Spontaneous abortion | ||
| FET timing (Immediate FETa versus delayed FETb) | 0.831 (0.628–1.098) | NS |
| Age (35–37 versus ≤34) | 1.088 (0.693–1.707) | NS |
| Age (≥38 versus ≤34) | 1.214 (0.638–2.310) | NS |
| BMI (< 18.5 versus 18.5–24.9) | 0.967 (0.505–1.852) | NS |
| BMI (≥25 versus 18.5–24.9) | 1.787 (1.336–2.391) | P < 0.001 |
| COH protocol (short-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 0.833 (0.594–1.167) | NS |
| COH protocol (long-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 1.236 (0.758–2.014) | NS |
| Trigger type (GnRH-a trigger versus HCG trigger) | 0.871 (0.550–1.379) | NS |
| Trigger type (Double trigger versus HCG trigger) | 1.465 (0.642–3.343) | NS |
| Insemination method (ICSI versus IVF) | 1.114 (0.768–1.617) | NS |
| Number of embryo transferred (2 versus 1) | 0.965 (0.624–1.490) | NS |
| Embryo stage (blastocyst versus cleavage) | 1.200 (0.769–1.810) | NS |
| Top or good quality embryo transfer (yes versus no) | 1.114 (0.754–1.647) | NS |
| Tubal factor (yes versus no) | 0.729 (0.514–1.033) | NS |
| Ovulatory disorder (yes versus no) | 1.335 (0.949–1.878) | NS |
| Male factor (yes versus no) | 0.709 (0.491–1.022) | NS |
| Unexplained factor (yes versus no) | 0.744 (0.347–1.596) | NS |
| Live birth | ||
| FET timing (Immediate FETa versus delayed FETb) | 1.056 (0.883–1.263) | NS |
| Age (35–37 versus ≤34) | 0.936 (0.701–1.251) | NS |
| Age (≥38 versus ≤34) | 0.365 (0.222–0.599) | P < 0.001 |
| BMI (< 18.5 versus 18.5–24.9) | 1.085 (0.748–1.574) | NS |
| BMI (≥25 versus 18.5–24.9) | 0.841 (0.688–1.028) | NS |
| COH protocol (short-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 1.267 (1.023–1.569) | P < 0.05 |
| COH protocol (long-acting GnRH-a versus GnRH-ant) | 1.241 (0.895–1.720) | NS |
| Trigger type (GnRH-a trigger versus HCG trigger) | 1.316 (0.968–1.789) | NS |
| Trigger type (Double trigger versus HCG trigger) | 1.956 (1.002–3.821) | NS |
| Insemination method (ICSI versus IVF) | 0.892 (0.704–1.129) | NS |
| Number of embryo transferred (2 versus 1) | 1.460 (1.092–1.953) | P < 0.05 |
| Embryo stage (blastocyst versus cleavage) | 2.289 (1.748–2.998) | P < 0.001 |
| Top or good-quality embryo transfer (yes versus no) | 1.224 (0.961–1.559) | NS |
| Tubal factor (yes versus no) | 1.229 (1.032–1.635) | P < 0.05 |
| Ovulatory disorder (yes versus no) | 0.951 (0.757–1.195) | NS |
| Male factor (yes versus no) | 1.326 (1.054–1.668) | P < 0.05 |
| Unexplained factor (yes versus no) | 1.549 (0.935–2.518) | NS |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FET, frozen embryo transfer; GnRH-a, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist; GnRH-ant, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist; IVF, in vitro fertilization; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant
aImmediate FET and bdelayed FET means FET took place either within the first menstrual cycle following oocyte retrieval or afterwards
*Using the multivariable logistic regression and adjusting for maternal age, BMI, insemination method, COH protocol, trigger type, number of embryo transferred, embryo stage, top or good quality embryo transfer and cause of infertility