TABLE 2.
ICU Management Among Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
| Category | Subcategory | Total Coronavirus Disease Cohort (n = 394), n (%) | MIS-C (n = 171), n (%) | Non-MIS-C (n = 223), n (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory supporta | Noneb | 140 (35.2) | 65 (38.0) | 75 (33.6) | 0.40 |
| Face mask oxygenation | 35 (8.8) | 7 (4.1) | 28 (12.6) | < 0.01 | |
| Nasal cannula | 140 (35.2) | 57 (33.3) | 83 (37.2) | 0.45 | |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 107 (26.9) | 45 (26.3) | 61 (27.4) | 0.91 | |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 75 (19.0) | 35 (20.5) | 39 (17.5) | 0.52 | |
| Invasive ventilation | 91 (23.1) | 43 (25.2) | 45 (20.2) | 0.27 | |
| Nitric oxided | 15 (3.7) | 10 (5.9) | 5 (2.2) | 0.11 | |
| Other organ supporta | Vasopressors/inotropes | 95 (24.1) | 73 (42.6) | 22 (9.9) | < 0.01 |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.43 | |
| Extracorporeal life support | 11 (2.7) | 5 (2.9) | 4 (1.8) | 0.51 | |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 39 (9.8) | 17 (9.9) | 22 (9.9) | 1.00 | |
| Antiviral, Immunomodulatory and other medicationsc | Corticosteroids | 176 (44.3) | 115 (67.3) | 61 (27.3) | < 0.01 |
| Any antiviral | 82 (20.6) | 27 (15.8) | 55 (24.7) | 0.03 | |
| Remdesivire | 61 (15.3) | 20 (11.7) | 41 (18.4) | 0.09 | |
| Azithromycin | 35 (8.8) | 13 (7.6) | 22 (9.9) | 0.48 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 19 (4.7) | 5 (2.9) | 14 (6.3) | 0.17 | |
| Therapeutic anticoagulation | 61 (15.3) | 39 (22.8) | 22 (9.9) | < 0.01 | |
| Convalescent plasma | 4 (1.0) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.4) | 0.64 | |
| IV immunoglobulin | 83 (20.9) | 78 (45.6) | 5 (2.2) | < 0.01 | |
| Anakinra | 23 (5.7) | 21 (12.3) | 2 (0.9) | < 0.01 |
MIS-C = multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
aRespiratory and other organ support represent support provided at any time during the hospitalization.
bOf 140 patients who did not require any O2 support, one required continuous renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis, and 15 patients (10.7%) required inotropes or vasopressors.
cRepresent medications given on either of the day 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, or 21 of hospitalization. Organ support and therapeutics not mutually exclusive.
dOr epoprostenol.
eRemdesivir only approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in patients 12 yr old or older.