Table 1.
Different kinds of 3D printing technologies forNGCs
| Materials | Advantages | Disadvantages | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLA/PCL, collagen | 1. High speed 2. Low cost |
1. Low mechanical strength 2. Bioprinting limited. Unable to control the directionality and size of droplets precisely |
[29,31,32,50] |
| PLLA, PLGA, GelMA, alginate dialdehyde etc. | 1. Low cost 2. Multiple materials mixed printing 3. Higher cell viability |
1. Lower resolution than inkjet 2. Low speed 3. Nozzle clogging |
[35,37–39] |
| Photopolymerizable monomer like GelMA, PEGDA, silk-GMA, glycerol sebacate methacrylate and composites. | 1. Higher resolution than extrusion 2. High fabrication speed 3. Personalization |
1. Expensive 2. Photocurable resin limited 3. Possible cytotoxicity of residual photoinitiator and uncured resin |
[41,44,51–54] |
| GelMA, alginate methacrylate etc. | 1. Convenience 2. Low cost |
1. Microstructures limited 2. Personalisation |
[46–49,55] |